ArticleBMC medicine2013
Magnesium, vitamin D status and mortality: results from US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006 and NHANES III.
Article in BMC medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 177 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2024Pooled it
- Magnesium treatment increases gut microbiome synthesizing vitamin D and inhibiting colorectal cancer: results from a double-blind precision-based randomized placebo-controlled trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2025Trial
- Magnesium treatment on methylation changes of transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2).Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) · 2021Trial
- Randomized Study of the Effects of Vitamin D and Magnesium Co-Supplementation on Muscle Strength and Function, Body Composition, and Inflammation in Vitamin D-Deficient Middle-Aged Women.Biological trace element research · 2021Trial
- Response of Vitamin D after Magnesium Intervention in a Postmenopausal Population from the Province of Granada, Spain.Nutrients · 2020Trial
- Vitamin D, Marine n-3 Fatty Acids, and Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Current Evidence.Circulation research · 2020Trial
- Ca:Mg Ratio, APOE Cytosine Modifications, and Cognitive Function: Results from a Randomized Trial.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2020Trial
- Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2018Trial
- High-Dose versus Low-Dose Vitamin D Supplementation and Arterial Stiffness among Individuals with Prehypertension and Vitamin D Deficiency.Disease markers · 2015Trial
- The association between whole-blood lead concentration and all-cause or cardiovascular disease mortality in hypertensive patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- The Importance of Vitamin D and Magnesium in Athletes.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Exploring the link between fat-soluble vitamins and aging-associated immune system status: a literature review.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- The interplay between childhood obesity and vitamin D deficiency: mechanisms and implications.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Association between magnesium and vitamin D status in adults with high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.European journal of nutrition · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective effects of magnesium: implications for neuroinflammation and cognitive decline.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- The role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Magnesium status modulating the effect of serum vitamin D levels on retinopathy: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2008.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Article
- Hypomagnesemia: a potential underlooked cause of persistent vitamin D deficiency in chronic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2023Review
- Organic Synthesis of New Secosteroids from Fucosterol, Its Intestinal Absorption by Caco-2 Cells, and Simulation of the Biological Activities of Vitamin D.Marine drugs · 2023Article
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMagnesium plays an essential role in the synthesis and metabolism of vitamin D and magnesium supplementation substantially reversed the resistance to vitamin D treatment in patients with magnesium-dependent vitamin-D-resistant rickets. We hypothesized that dietary magnesium alone, particularly its interaction with vitamin D intake, contributes to serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, and the associations between serum 25(OH)D and risk of mortality may be modified by magnesium intake level.
methodsWe tested these novel hypotheses utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001 to 2006, a population-based cross-sectional study, and the NHANES III cohort, a population-based cohort study. Serum 25(OH)D was used to define vitamin D status. Mortality outcomes in the NHANES III cohort were determined by using probabilistic linkage with the National Death Index (NDI).
resultsHigh intake of total, dietary or supplemental magnesium was independently associated with significantly reduced risks of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency respectively. Intake of magnesium significantly interacted with intake of vitamin D in relation to risk of both vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency. Additionally, the inverse association between total magnesium intake and vitamin D insufficiency primarily appeared among populations at high risk of vitamin D insufficiency. Furthermore, the associations of serum 25(OH)D with mortality, particularly due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and colorectal cancer, were modified by magnesium intake, and the inverse associations were primarily present among those with magnesium intake above the median.
conclusionsOur preliminary findings indicate it is possible that magnesium intake alone or its interaction with vitamin D intake may contribute to vitamin D status. The associations between serum 25(OH)D and risk of mortality may be modified by the intake level of magnesium. Future studies, including cohort studies and clinical trials, are necessary to confirm the findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.