ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2013
Immunotherapy of chronic hepatitis C virus infection with antibodies against programmed cell death-1 (PD-1).
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hepatotoxicity in patients with solid tumors treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors alone, PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone: systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020Pooled it
- PD-L1 is an intrinsic switch for natural killer cell-mediated, TRAIL-dependent antiviral function.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Transient expansion of peripheral Lambda-expressing plasma cells represents a distinctive phenotype associated with SFTSV infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- CD96 marks a phenotypically distinct checkpoint-associated HCV-specific CD8+ T-cell subset featuring memory-associated states.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Unveiling the nexus between direct-acting antivirals in hepatitis C virus elimination and immune response.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Nanobodies as innovative immune checkpoint modulators: advancing cancer immunotherapy.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2024Review
- Future applications of host direct therapies for infectious disease treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Therapeutic strategies and promising vaccine for hepatitis C virus infection.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2023Review
- PKM2/STAT1-mediated PD-L1 upregulation on neutrophils during sepsis promotes neutrophil organ accumulation by serving an anti-apoptotic role.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2023Article
- Ex Vivo Blockade of the PD-1 Pathway Improves Recall IFNγ Responses of HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy.Vaccines · 2023Article
- A CD64/FcγRI-mediated mechanism hijacks PD-1 from PD-L1/2 interaction and enhances anti-PD-1 functional recovery of exhausted T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- The implication of targeting PD-1:PD-L1 pathway in treating sepsis through immunostimulatory and anti-inflammatory pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Innate and Adaptive Immunopathogeneses in Viral Hepatitis; Crucial Determinants of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancers · 2022Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related hepatotoxicity: A review.World journal of gastroenterology · 2021Review
- A Comprehensive Summary of the Knowledge on COVID-19 Treatment.Aging and disease · 2021Review
- T-Cell Immunity against the Hepatitis C Virus: A Persistent Research Priority in an Era of Highly Effective Therapy.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- PDCD1 and IFNL4 genetic variants and risk of developing hepatitis C virus-related diseases.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2021Article
- Sepsis-Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Concepts.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- Immunotherapies for COVID-19: lessons learned from sepsis.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2020Review
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors versus VEGF Targeted Therapy as Second Line Regimen in Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC): A Retrospective Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence is facilitated by exhaustion of CD8+ T cells that express the inhibitory receptor programmed cell death 1 (PD-1). Blockade of PD-1 signaling improves in vitro proliferation of HCV-specific T lymphocytes, but whether antiviral function can be restored in infected individuals is unknown. To address this question, chimpanzees with persistent HCV infection were treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies. A significant reduction in HCV viremia was observed in one of three treated animals without apparent hepatocellular injury. Viremia rebounded in the responder animal when antibody treatment was discontinued. Control of HCV replication was associated with restoration of intrahepatic CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immunity against multiple HCV proteins. The responder animal had a history of broader T-cell immunity to multiple HCV proteins than the two chimpanzees that did not respond to PD-1 therapy. The results suggest that successful PD-1 blockade likely requires a critical threshold of preexisting virus-specific T cells in liver and warrants consideration of therapeutic vaccination strategies in combination with PD-1 blockade to broaden narrow responses. Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy may also facilitate control of other persistent viruses, notably the hepatitis B virus where options for long-term control of virus replication are limited.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.