ReviewNature reviews. Urology2013
Toll-like receptors in urothelial cells--targets for cancer immunotherapy.
Review in Nature reviews. Urology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oncolytic virus OHSV2 induces pyroptosis in bladder cancer cells via the TLR4/NLRP3/Caspase-1/GSDMD pathway.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Article
- Urinary microbiota in bladder cancer: insights into pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Toll-like receptors: versatile players in tumor.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Urothelial collective-gliding response acts as a toll-like receptor 4-associated defense mechanism.iScience · 2025Article
- Integrating network pharmacology and experimental validation to uncover the synergistic effects of Huangqi ()-Ezhu () with 5-fluorouracil in colorectal cancer models.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2025Article
- Potential applications and mechanisms of natural products in mucosal-related diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The role of microbiota in tumorigenesis, progression and treatment of bladder cancer.Microbiome research reports · 2024Review
- Mutations in genes encoding innate immune molecules identified in bladder cancer samples as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy with BCG and agonists.Frontiers in urology · 2023Article
- Deciphering the immunological and prognostic features of bladder cancer through platinum-resistance-related genes analysis and identifying potential therapeutic target P4HB.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- An immunoresponsive three-dimensional urine-tolerant human urothelial model to study urinary tract infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Novel Delivery Mechanisms for Existing Systemic Agents and Emerging Therapies in Bladder Cancer.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Review
- The urothelium: a multi-faceted barrier against a harsh environment.Mucosal immunology · 2022Review
- Impact of intravesical instillation of a novel biological response modifier (P-MAPA) on progress of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer treatment in a rat model.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2022Article
- Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- A Novel Multiepitope Vaccine Against Bladder Cancer Based on CTL and HTL Epitopes for Induction of Strong Immune Using Immunoinformatics Approaches.International journal of peptide research and therapeutics · 2022Article
- MyD88-dependent BCG immunotherapy reduces tumor and regulates tumor microenvironment in bladder cancer murine model.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Toll-Like Receptors as a Therapeutic Target in the Era of Immunotherapies.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- The Urothelium: Life in a Liquid Environment.Physiological reviews · 2020Review
- Trial Watch: experimental TLR7/TLR8 agonists for oncological indications.Oncoimmunology · 2020Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have an important role in the activation of both innate and adaptive immunity in response to pathogens and danger signals. These receptors are expressed in immune cells and in some epithelia. They are expressed in the epithelium of the urinary bladder, where they actively participate in the fight against infection by uropathogens. TLR expression is decreased (although still evident) in bladder tumours, especially in non-muscle-invasive tumours. Intravesical immunotherapy with BCG to prevent recurrence of these tumours has been shown to involve the participation of three different TLRs (TLR2, TLR4, and TLR9). However, alternative therapies are needed as BCG fails in some patients and can sometimes cause severe adverse effects that are difficult to tolerate. In recent years, TLR2, TLR4, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists have been tested in vitro and in vivo for their ability to activate an antitumour immune response against bladder cancer. Promising results from these studies have led to the testing of TLR7 and TLR9 agonists in clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.