ArticlePloS one2013
The effects of mechanical loading on tendons--an in vivo and in vitro model study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 92 papers.
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Who cites it
92 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of Mechanical Loading on the Structure and Function of the Achilles Tendon: From Homeostatic Adaptation to Pathological Degeneration.Journal of functional morphology and kinesiology · 2026Review
- Analysis of cranial tenocyte heterogeneity reveals a role for Wnt signaling in tendon attachments.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Absorbable versus non-absorbable sutures in Achilles tendon rupture repair: a retrospective cohort study evaluating medium- to long-term outcomes via musculoskeletal ultrasound and functional metrics.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Tendon-Bone Interface Healing Improvement by Moderate Treadmill Exercise After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Murine Model.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Loadless Tendon Explant Model Exhibits Spontaneous Degradative Phenotypes: AnJournal of clinical medicine research · 2025Article
- Sixteen weeks of high-speed treadmill running is insufficient to induce Achilles tendinopathy in a rat model.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Decellularised amniotic membrane-TDSCs composite promotes Achilles tendon healing.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Achilles tendinopathy.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2025Review
- Moderate- and High-Speed Treadmill Running Exercise Have Minimal Impact on Rat Achilles Tendon.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2025Article
- Molecular Biology of ACL Graft Healing: Early Mechanical Loading Perspective.Orthopedic reviews · 2025Article
- Voluntary exercise in mice triggers an anti-osteogenic and pro-tenogenic response in the ankle joint without affecting long bones.Bone reports · 2024Article
- Value of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of Achilles tendon healing following percutaneous repair with the Dresden instrument.Orthopadie (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2024Review
- Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament is linked to heterotopic ossification of the ankle/foot tendons.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2024Article
- Focal adhesion kinase regulates tendon cell mechanoresponse and physiological tendon development.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Article
- A high throughput cell stretch device for investigating mechanobiologyAPL bioengineering · 2024Article
- Article
- The emerging role of Piezo1 in the musculoskeletal system and disease.Theranostics · 2024Review
- Animal model for tendinopathy.Journal of orthopaedic translation · 2023Review
- Bibliometric Analysis of the Top 50 Most Influential Studies on Patellar Tendon Injury.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2023Article
- Beneficial Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Tendons of the Osteogenesis Imperfecta Mouse (Oim).Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
32 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Mechanical loading constantly acts on tendons, and a better understanding of its effects on the tendons is essential to gain more insights into tendon patho-physiology. This study aims to investigate tendon mechanobiological responses through the use of mouse treadmill running as an in vivo model and mechanical stretching of tendon cells as an in vitro model. In the in vivo study, mice underwent moderate treadmill running (MTR) and intensive treadmill running (ITR) regimens. Treadmill running elevated the expression of mechanical growth factors (MGF) and enhanced the proliferative potential of tendon stem cells (TSCs) in both patellar and Achilles tendons. In both tendons, MTR upregulated tenocyte-related genes: collagen type I (Coll. I ∼10 fold) and tenomodulin (∼3-4 fold), but did not affect non-tenocyte-related genes: LPL (adipocyte), Sox9 (chondrocyte), Runx2 and Osterix (both osteocyte). However, ITR upregulated both tenocyte (Coll. I ∼7-11 fold; tenomodulin ∼4-5 fold) and non-tenocyte-related genes (∼3-8 fold). In the in vitro study, TSCs and tenocytes were stretched to 4% and 8% using a custom made mechanical loading system. Low mechanical stretching (4%) of TSCs from both patellar and Achilles tendons increased the expression of only the tenocyte-related genes (Coll. I ∼5-6 fold; tenomodulin ∼6-13 fold), but high mechanical stretching (8%) increased the expression of both tenocyte (Coll. I ∼28-50 fold; tenomodulin ∼14-48 fold) and non-tenocyte-related genes (2-5-fold). However, in tenocytes, non-tenocyte related gene expression was not altered by the application of either low or high mechanical stretching. These findings indicate that appropriate mechanical loading could be beneficial to tendons because of their potential to induce anabolic changes in tendon cells. However, while excessive mechanical loading caused anabolic changes in tendons, it also induced differentiation of TSCs into non-tenocytes, which may lead to the development of degenerative tendinopathy frequently seen in clinical settings.
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