Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2014
Advancing the understanding of craving during smoking cessation attempts: a demonstration of the time-varying effect model.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluating Treatment Mechanisms of Varenicline: Mediation by Affect and Craving.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Time-Varying Mediation of Pharmacological Smoking Cessation Treatments on Smoking Lapse via Craving, Cessation Fatigue, and Negative Mood.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Day-level shifts in social contexts during youth cannabis use treatment.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2021Trial
- Time-varying moderation of treatment outcomes by illness duration and comorbid depression in generalized anxiety disorder.Journal of consulting and clinical psychology · 2019Trial
- A pilot trial of text-delivered peer network counseling to treat young adults with cannabis use disorder.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2018Trial
- Anhedonia: Its Dynamic Relations With Craving, Negative Affect, and Treatment During a Quit Smoking Attempt.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Trial
- What a difference a day makes: differences in initial abstinence response during a smoking cessation attempt.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2017Trial
- The Dynamic Role of Urban Neighborhood Effects in a Text-Messaging Adolescent Smoking Intervention.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Time-varying effects of a text-based smoking cessation intervention for urban adolescents.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2015Trial
- Exploring the nature and relationship of tobacco cigarette craving and withdrawal.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- Article
- Effects of aerobic exercise intervention on the association between brain functional connectivity and cognition among older adults.Aging brain · 2026Article
- Daily profiles of nondrug reward and their association with daily outcomes for people in recovery from opioid use disorder: An application of latent profile analysis applied to intensive longitudinal data.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Variations in Religious Development by Sexual Orientation: Results from a Nationally Representative U.S. Sample.Psychology of sexual orientation and gender diversity · 2025Article
- Age-varying association between discrimination, childhood family support, and substance use disorders among Latin American immigrants in the United States.Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology · 2024Article
- Mobile Health Interventions for Substance Use Disorders.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2024Review
- Time-varying effect modeling with intensive longitudinal data: Examining dynamic links among craving, affect, self-efficacy and substance use during addiction recovery.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Age- and Sex-Varying Associations Between Depressive Symptoms and Substance Use from Modal Ages 35 to 55 in a National Sample of U.S. Adults.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2023Article
- Timing is everything: Developmental changes in the associations between intergroup contact and bias.International journal of behavioral development · 2023Article
- Companion: A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial to Test an Integrated Two-Way Communication and Near-Real-Time Sensing System for Detecting and Modifying Daily Inactivity among Adults >60 Years-Design and Protocol.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionAdvancing the understanding of smoking cessation requires a complex and nuanced understanding of behavior change. To this end, ecological momentary assessments (EMA) are now being collected extensively. The time-varying effect model (TVEM) is a statistical technique ideally suited to model processes that unfold as behavior and nicotine dependence change. Coefficients are expressed dynamically over time and are represented as smooth functions of time.
methodsThe TVEM approach is demonstrated using data from a smoking-cessation trial. Time-varying effects of baseline nicotine dependence (a time-invariant covariate) and negative affect (a time-varying covariate) on urge to smoke during a quit attempt were estimated for monotherapy, combination therapy, and placebo groups. SAS syntax for conducting TVEM is provided so that readers can adapt it for their research.
resultsDuring the first 2 days after quitting, the association between negative affect and craving was significantly stronger among individuals in the placebo group, suggesting an early positive impact of treatment. For the monotherapy and combination therapy groups, during the second week of the quit attempt, baseline dependence was less strongly related to craving compared with the placebo group, indicating a different positive impact of treatments later in the quit attempt.
conclusionsThe results reveal information about the underlying dynamics that unfold during a quit attempt and how monotherapy and combination therapy impact those processes. This suggests possible mechanisms to target in an intervention and indicates timepoints that hold the greatest promise for effective treatment. TVEM is a straightforward approach to examining time-varying processes embedded in EMA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.