ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2013
Moderate prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from lettuce, irrigation water, and soil.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed.
- Co-occurrence of biofilm formation, acid tolerance, and antibiotic resistance in environmental Escherichia coli associated with lettuce.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Occurrence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of ClinicalAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Quantitative microbial risk assessment of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producingScience in One Health · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance Genotypes and Mobile Genetic Elements of Poultry-DerivedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Emergence of tigecycline-resistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Biofilms as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial resistance in vulnerable settings.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Pathways ofFrontiers in public health · 2025Review
- Colorimetric and electrochemical analysis of DNAzyme-LAMP amplicons for the detection of Escherichia coli in food matrices.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Unde venis? Bacterial resistance from environmental reservoirs to lettuce: tracking microbiome and resistome over a growth period.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Resistance Profile ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Genetic relatedness of third-generation cephalosporin-resistantOne health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2023Article
- Antimicrobial Susceptibility of CommensalAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Article
- Accelerating the Detection of Bacteria in Food Using Artificial Intelligence and Optical Imaging.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Unveiling antimicrobial resistance in Chilean fertilized soils: a One Health perspective on environmental AMR surveillance.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- A Meta-Analysis to Estimate Prevalence of Resistance to Tetracyclines and Third Generation Cephalosporins in Enterobacteriaceae Isolated from Food Crops.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Prevalence of Escherichia coli strains in horticultural farms from Argentina: antibiotic resistance, biofilm formation, and phylogenetic affiliation.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Article
- Tracing Antibiotic Resistance Genes along the Irrigation Water Chain to Chive: Does Tap or Surface Water Make a Difference?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fresh produce is known to carry nonpathogenic epiphytic microorganisms. During agricultural production and harvesting, leafy greens can become contaminated with antibiotic-resistant pathogens or commensals from animal and human sources. As lettuce does not undergo any inactivation or preservation treatment during processing, consumers may be exposed directly to all of the (resistant) bacteria present. In this study, we investigated whether lettuce or its production environment (irrigation water, soil) is able to act as a vector or reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli. Over a 1-year period, eight lettuce farms were visited multiple times and 738 samples, including lettuce seedlings (leaves and soil), soil, irrigation water, and lettuce leaves were collected. From these samples, 473 isolates of Escherichia coli were obtained and tested for resistance to 14 antimicrobials. Fifty-four isolates (11.4%) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials. The highest resistance rate was observed for ampicillin (7%), followed by cephalothin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and streptomycin, with resistance rates between 4.4 and 3.6%. No resistance to amikacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or kanamycin was observed. One isolate was resistant to cefotaxime. Among the multiresistant isolates (n = 37), ampicillin and cephalothin showed the highest resistance rates, at 76 and 52%, respectively. E. coli isolates from lettuce showed higher resistance rates than E. coli isolates obtained from soil or irrigation water samples. When the presence of resistance in E. coli isolates from lettuce production sites and their resistance patterns were compared with the profiles of animal-derived E. coli strains, they were found to be the most comparable with what is found in the cattle reservoir. This may suggest that cattle are a potential reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains in plant primary production.
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