ArticleCell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.)2013
Gravitational force modulates G2/M phase exit in mechanically unloaded myoblasts.
Article in Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Long Noncoding RNA lncMUMA Reverses Established Skeletal Muscle Atrophy following Mechanical Unloading.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2018Article
- RhoGTPases as key players in mammalian cell adaptation to microgravity.BioMed research international · 2015Review
- Cell cultivation under different gravitational loads using a novel random positioning incubator.Biotechnology and bioengineering · 2014Article
- TRPC1: getting physical in space.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2013Article
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3 authors at 1 institution in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Prolonged spaceflight gives rise to muscle loss and reduced strength, a condition commonly referred to as space atrophy. During exposure to microgravity, skeletal muscle myoblasts are mechanically unloaded and respond with attenuated cell proliferation, slowed cell cycle progression, and modified protein expression. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms by which muscle mass declines in response to prolonged microgravity exposure, we grew C2C12 mouse muscle cells under conditions of simulated microgravity (SM) and analyzed their proliferative capacity, cell cycle progression, and cyclin B and D expression. We demonstrated that the retarded cell growth observed in SM was correlated with an approximate 16 h delay in G2/M phase progression, where cells accumulated specifically between the G2 checkpoint and the onset of anaphase, concomitantly with a positive expression for cyclin B. The effect was specific for gravitational mechanical unloading as cells grown under conditions of hypergravity (HG, 4 g) for similar durations of time exhibited normal proliferation and normal cell cycle progression. Our results show that SM and HG exert phenomenological distinct responses over cell cycle progression. The deficits of SM can be restored by terrestrial gravitational force, whereas the effects of HG are indistinguishable from the 1 g control. This suggests that the mechanotransduction apparatus of cells responds differently to mechanical unloading and loading.
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