ReviewNeurobiology of learning and memory2014
Learning from the spinal cord: how the study of spinal cord plasticity informs our view of learning.
Review in Neurobiology of learning and memory, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Bayesian model of category-specific emotional brain responses.PLoS computational biology · 2015Pooled it
- Learning: One definition to rule them all?NPJ science of learning · 2026Review
- Review
- Spine-Prints: Transposing Brain Fingerprints to the Spinal Cord.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- C-SMB 2.0: Integrating over 25 years of motor sequencing research with the Discrete Sequence Production task.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2024Review
- Updating perspectives on spinal cord function: motor coordination, timing, relational processing, and memory below the brain.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2024Review
- The Role of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Peripheral Electrotherapy, and Neurophysiology Tests for Managing Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury.Biomedicines · 2023Article
- Article
- The left-right side-specific endocrine signaling in the effects of brain lesions: questioning of the neurological dogma.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Review
- Behavioral studies of spinal conditioning: The spinal cord is smarter than you think it is.Journal of experimental psychology. Animal learning and cognition · 2022Article
- Ionic Plasticity: Common Mechanistic Underpinnings of Pathology in Spinal Cord Injury and the Brain.Cells · 2022Review
- Control of Mammalian Locomotion by Somatosensory Feedback.Comprehensive Physiology · 2021Article
- Intermittent Hypoxia Induces Greater Functional Breathing Motor Recovery as a Fixed Rather Than Varied Duration Treatment after Cervical Spinal Cord Injury in Rats.Neurotrauma reports · 2021Article
- Evidence That the Central Nervous System Can Induce a Modification at the Neuromuscular Junction That Contributes to the Maintenance of a Behavioral Response.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
- Common and distinct neural representations of aversive somatic and visceral stimulation in healthy individuals.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Learning to promote recovery after spinal cord injury.Experimental neurology · 2020Review
- Hindlimb motor responses to unilateral brain injury: spinal cord encoding and left-right asymmetry.Brain communications · 2020Article
- IpsilesionalBrain communications · 2020Article
- A brief period of moderate noxious stimulation induces hemorrhage and impairs locomotor recovery after spinal cord injury.Physiology & behavior · 2019Article
- DNA methylation and behavioral changes induced by neonatal spinal transection.Infant behavior & development · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
The paper reviews research examining whether and how training can induce a lasting change in spinal cord function. A framework for the study of learning, and some essential issues in experimental design, are discussed. A core element involves delayed assessment under common conditions. Research has shown that brain systems can induce a lasting (memory-like) alteration in spinal function. Neurons within the lower (lumbosacral) spinal cord can also adapt when isolated from the brain by means of a thoracic transection. Using traditional learning paradigms, evidence suggests that spinal neurons support habituation and sensitization as well as Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning. At a neurobiological level, spinal systems support phenomena (e.g., long-term potentiation), and involve mechanisms (e.g., NMDA mediated plasticity, protein synthesis) implicated in brain-dependent learning and memory. Spinal learning also induces modulatory effects that alter the capacity for learning. Uncontrollable/unpredictable stimulation disables the capacity for instrumental learning and this effect has been linked to the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Predictable/controllable stimulation enables learning and counters the adverse effects of uncontrollable stimulation through a process that depends upon brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Finally, uncontrollable, but not controllable, nociceptive stimulation impairs recovery after a contusion injury. A process-oriented approach (neurofunctionalism) is outlined that encourages a broader view of learning phenomena.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.