Trial reportJournal of the American College of Cardiology2013
Relationship of apolipoproteins A-1 and B, and lipoprotein(a) to cardiovascular outcomes: the AIM-HIGH trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL/High Triglyceride and Impact on Global Health Outcomes).
Trial report in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00120289. Cited by 142 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
AIM HIGH: Niacin Plus Statin to Prevent Vascular Events
Open the trial in the graphWho cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 311 citations in OpenAlex.
- Independence of Lipoprotein(a) and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Mediated Cardiovascular Risk: A Participant-Level Meta-Analysis.Circulation · 2025 · on this mapPooled it
- A Systematic Review on the Risk Modulators of Myocardial Infarction in the "Young"-Implications of Lipoprotein (a).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Niacin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017 · on this mapPooled it
- The relationship between Lp(a) and CVD outcomes: a systematic review.Lipids in health and disease · 2016Pooled it
- Statins for primary prevention of venous thromboembolism.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Lipoprotein(a) for risk assessment in patients with established coronary artery disease.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2014Pooled it
- Replacing Saturated Fats with Unsaturated Fats from Walnuts or Vegetable Oils Lowers Atherogenic Lipoprotein Classes Without Increasing Lipoprotein(a).The Journal of nutrition · 2020Trial
- Persistent arterial wall inflammation in patients with elevated lipoprotein(a) despite strong low-density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction by proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 antibody treatment.European heart journal · 2019 · on this mapTrial
- Genetic Variants Associated With Plasma Lipids Are Associated With the Lipid Response to Niacin.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Trial
- Lp(a) (Lipoprotein(a)) Levels Predict Progression of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Subjects With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease on Intensive Lipid Therapy: An Analysis of the AIM-HIGH (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides: Impact on Global Health Outcomes) Carotid Magnetic Resonance Imaging Substudy-Brief Report.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2018 · on this mapTrial
- Association of Lipoprotein(a) With Risk of Recurrent Ischemic Events Following Acute Coronary Syndrome: Analysis of the dal-Outcomes Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA cardiology · 2018Trial
- Lipoprotein(a) and the Apolipoprotein B/A1 Ratio Independently Associate With Surgery for Aortic Stenosis Only in Patients With Concomitant Coronary Artery Disease.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2017Trial
- Genetic coding variants in the niacin receptor, hydroxyl-carboxylic acid receptor 2, and response to niacin therapy.Pharmacogenetics and genomics · 2017Trial
- Relationship of baseline HDL subclasses, small dense LDL and LDL triglyceride to cardiovascular events in the AIM-HIGH clinical trial.Atherosclerosis · 2016 · on this mapTrial
- Longer duration of statin therapy is associated with decreased carotid plaque vascularity by magnetic resonance imaging.Atherosclerosis · 2016 · on this mapTrial
- Effect of Extended-Release Niacin on High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) Functionality, Lipoprotein Metabolism, and Mediators of Vascular Inflammation in Statin-Treated Patients.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2015Trial
- Relationship of lipoproteins to cardiovascular events: the AIM-HIGH Trial (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome With Low HDL/High Triglycerides and Impact on Global Health Outcomes).Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2013 · on this mapTrial
- Lipoprotein(a)-cholesterol levels estimated by vertical auto profile correlate poorly with Lp(a) mass in hyperlipidemic subjects: Implications for clinical practice interpretation of Lp(a)-mediated risk.Journal of clinical lipidologyTrial
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Lipoprotein (a): Insights, Gaps and Clinical Implications in Cardiovascular Diseases.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2026Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThis study sought to examine the relationship between baseline and on-study apolipoproteins (apo) A-1 and B and lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels and the development of subsequent cardiovascular (CV) events in the AIM-HIGH (Atherothrombosis Intervention in Metabolic Syndrome with Low HDL/High Triglyceride and Impact on Global Health Outcomes) trial.
backgroundNiacin has been reported to lower apoB and Lp(a) and to raise apoA-1.
methodsIndividuals with CV disease and low baseline levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were randomized to simvastatin plus placebo or simvastatin, plus extended-release niacin ([ERN], 1,500 to 2,000 mg/day), with ezetimibe added as needed, in both groups, to maintain an on-treatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the range of 40 to 80 mg/dl. Hazard ratios (HRs) were used to evaluate the relationship between levels of apoA-1, apoB, and Lp(a), and CV events in each treatment group.
resultsBaseline apoB and the apoB/apoA-I ratio were significantly predictive of CV events only for the placebo group (HR: 1.17 [p = 0.018] and HR: 1.19 [p = 0.016]). Baseline and on-study Lp(a) were predictive of CV events in both simvastatin plus placebo (baseline HR: 1.24 [p = 0.002] and on-study HR: 1.21 [p = 0.017]) and the simvastatin plus ERN group (baseline HR: 1.25 [p = 0.001] and on-study HR: 1.18 [p = 0.028]). The ERN modestly increased 1-year apoA-1 (7%), decreased apoB (13%), decreased the ApoB/ApoA-1 ratio (19%), and decreased Lp(a) 21%, but did not reduce CV events.
conclusionsLp(a) was associated with increased CV risk in both treatment groups indicating that it contributes to residual CV risk. However, there was no evidence that ERN reduced CV risk, despite favorable lipoprotein changes.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.