ArticleThe British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners2013
Smoking in young women in Scotland and future burden of hospital admission and death: a nested cohort study.
Article in The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Risk Factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome in Young Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current cardiology reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Young Australian women's accounts of smoking and quitting: a qualitative study using visual methods.BMC women's health · 2018Article
- How Confounder Strength Can Affect Allocation of Resources in Electronic Health Records.Perspectives in health information managemen · 2018Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMany women smoke, yet few longitudinal studies have examined the non-fatal burden of smoking in women.
aimTo investigate smoking in young women, and hospital admission and death in Scotland; and to compare mortality risk with elsewhere in the UK. DESIGN AND
settingNested cohort study: Royal College of General Practitioners' Oral Contraception Study, UK.
methodA total of 4121 women categorised by smoking habits and living in Scotland at recruitment (1968-1969) were followed until March 2009. Cox regression was used to investigate smoking and survival time; mortality from cancer, circulatory, or respiratory disease, and all other causes; and hospitalisation for any reason, and for specific reasons. The number and type of hospital admissions and bed-days were examined by smoking status. Life tables and Cox regression were used to compare the mortality risk of women living in Scotland with that of women living elsewhere.
resultsAll-cause mortality was increased in women who smoked <15 cigarettes daily (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.74 to 2.27) and those who smoked ≥15 cigarettes daily (adjusted HR = 2.81, 95% CI = 2.47 to 3.20). Smoking any amount increased death from cancer, circulatory, respiratory, and other causes. Increased risk estimates were seen in one or both smoking groups for hospitalisation for any cause, and for several specific causes. More smokers than non-smokers were admitted to hospital, for four or more reasons, and had a longer total stay. The median survival age among smokers was lower in Scotland than elsewhere. Higher adjusted hazard ratios for mortality were found among smokers in Scotland.
conclusionThis study provides a powerful reminder of the burden of smoking in young women. In the UK, harmful effects appear to be worse in smokers in Scotland.
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