ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2013
Race and insurance disparities in discharge to rehabilitation for patients with traumatic brain injury.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Traumatic brain injury among American indians/alaska natives in the united states: a comprehensive systematic review of the literature.Neurosurgical review · 2025Pooled it
- Disparities in Health Care Utilization of Adults With Traumatic Brain Injuries Are Related to Insurance, Race, and Ethnicity: A Systematic Review.The Journal of head trauma rehabilitationPooled it
- Long-term Sequelae Associated With Severe West Nile Virus Disease in Maricopa County, Arizona, 2021.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Medicare Beneficiaries over the Last Decade: A Retrospective Observational Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Health insurance payor type and care deviations in patients with trauma with lower extremity fractures.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2026Article
- Racial disparities in patients with amputation in an acute care setting in the immediate postoperative period.PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Underrepresentation of Participants From Marginalized Racial and Ethnic Groups: A Secondary Analysis of the Cognitive Rehabilitation Literature.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2025Review
- Understanding How Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Impacts the Career and Independence of Young Adults.Neurotrauma reports · 2025Article
- Informing future randomized controlled trials of amantadine hydrochloride in neurocritical care and post-neurocritical care stroke patients through a retrospective study.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- "Somewhere along the line, your mask isn't going to be fitting right": institutional racism in Black narratives of traumatic brain injury rehabilitation across the practice continuum.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Disorders of Consciousness Rehabilitation: Ethical Dimensions and Epistemic Dilemmas.Physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of North America · 2024Review
- ENIGMA's simple seven: Recommendations to enhance the reproducibility of resting-state fMRI in traumatic brain injury.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2024Review
- Resilience and Concussion Recovery in Minority Women: Promoting Health Equity.Neurotrauma reports · 2024Article
- Association Between Health Insurance and Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A National ACS-TQP-PUF Database Study.The Journal of surgical research · 2023Article
- Disparities Associated with Discharge Patterns in Firearm-Associated Ocular Trauma.JAMA ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Exploring the Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities in Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review.Brain sciences · 2023Article
- Dynamic predictors of in-hospital and 3-year mortality after traumatic brain injury: A retrospective cohort study.American journal of surgery · 2023Article
- Functional Recovery, Symptoms, and Quality of Life 1 to 5 Years After Traumatic Brain Injury.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Wide Geographic Variation in Resource Utilization after Shoulder Arthroplasty.Orthopedic reviews · 2023Article
- Disparities in mental health symptoms recovery across race/ethnicity and education level following mild traumatic brain injury.Dialogues in health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Post-acute inpatient rehabilitation services are associated with improved functional outcomes among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI). We sought to investigate racial and insurance-based disparities in access to rehabilitation. Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005-2010 were analyzed using standard descriptive methods and multivariable logistic regression to assess race- and insurance-based differences in access to inpatient rehabilitation after TBI, controlling for patient- and hospital-level variables. Patients with moderate to severe TBI aged 18-64 years with complete data on race and insurance status discharged alive from inpatient care were eligible for study. Among 307,675 TBI survivors meeting study criteria and potentially eligible for discharge to rehabilitation, 66% were white, 12% black, 15% Hispanic, 2% Asian, and 5% other ethnic minorities. Most whites (70%), Asians (70%), blacks (59%), and many Hispanics (49%) had insurance. Compared with insured whites, insured blacks had reduced odds of discharge to rehabilitation (odds ratio [OR] 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.75-0.95). Also, insured Hispanics (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.44-0.60) and insured Asians (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.39-0.73) were less likely to be discharged to rehabilitation than insured whites. Compared with insured whites, uninsured whites (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.51-0.63), uninsured blacks (OR 0.33; 95% CI 0.26-0.42), uninsured Hispanics (OR 0.27; 95% CI 0.22-0.33), and uninsured Asians (OR 0.40; 95% CI 0.22-0.73) were less likely to be discharged to rehabilitation. Race and insurance are strong predictors of discharge to rehabilitation among adult TBI survivors in the United States. Efforts are needed to understand and eliminate disparities in access to rehabilitation after TBI.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.