ReviewJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2014
State-dependent and reflex drives to the upper airway: basic physiology with clinical implications.
Review in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Models of anatomically based oropharyngeal rehabilitation with a multilevel approach for patients with obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-synthesis and meta-analysis.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Pooled it
- Trazodone Effects on Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Non-REM Arousal Threshold.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2015Trial
- Phrenic nerve stimulation enhances upper airway patency during drug-induced sleep endoscopy in obstructive sleep apnea.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2026Article
- A projection atlas of excitatory and inhibitory inputs to the preBötzinger complex: substrates for multimodal breathing control.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of upper airway muscle control in sleep reveal therapeutic targets for obstructive sleep apnea.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea Endophenotypes.Sleep science (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Review
- Tackling obstructive sleep apnea with pharmacotherapeutics: expert guidance.Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy · 2024Review
- Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Leptin signaling in the dorsomedial hypothalamus couples breathing and metabolism in obesity.Cell reports · 2023Article
- International Consensus Statement on Obstructive Sleep Apnea.International forum of allergy & rhinology · 2023Review
- Article
- Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Chronic Respiratory Infections: A Narrative Review in Adult and Pediatric Population.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Beyond CPAP: modifying upper airway output for the treatment of OSA.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Review
- Ventilatory Drive Withdrawal Rather Than Reduced Genioglossus Compensation as a Mechanism of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in REM Sleep.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2022Article
- Orofacial Myofunctional Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Pathophysiological Perspective.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Review
- Systemic inflammation suppresses spinal respiratory motor plasticity via mechanisms that require serine/threonine protein phosphatase activity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2021Article
- An X on the Map for Sleep Apnea's Holy Grail: Drug Therapy.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Natural History of REM-OSA in Children and Its Associations with Adverse Blood Pressure Outcomes: A Longitudinal Follow-Up Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2021Article
- Isoflurane anesthesia disrupts the cortical metabolome.Journal of neurophysiology · 2020Article
- Association between the ADAMTS proteinases and obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The root cause of the most common and serious of the sleep disorders is impairment of breathing, and a number of factors predispose a particular individual to hypoventilation during sleep. In turn, obstructive hypopneas and apneas are the most common of the sleep-related respiratory problems and are caused by dysfunction of the upper airway as a conduit for airflow. The overarching principle that underpins the full spectrum of clinical sleep-related breathing disorders is that the sleeping brain modifies respiratory muscle activity and control mechanisms and diminishes the ability to respond to respiratory distress. Depression of upper airway muscle activity and reflex responses, and suppression of arousal (i.e., "waking-up") responses to respiratory disturbance, can also occur with commonly used sedating agents (e.g., hypnotics and anesthetics). Growing evidence indicates that the sometimes critical problems of sleep and sedation-induced depression of breathing and arousal responses may be working through common brain pathways acting on common cellular mechanisms. To identify these state-dependent pathways and reflex mechanisms, as they affect the upper airway, is the focus of this paper. Major emphasis is on the synthesis of established and recent findings. In particular, we specifically focus on 1) the recently defined mechanism of genioglossus muscle inhibition in rapid-eye-movement sleep; 2) convergence of diverse neurotransmitters and signaling pathways onto one root mechanism that may explain pharyngeal motor suppression in sleep and drug-induced brain sedation; 3) the lateral reticular formation as a key hub of respiratory and reflex drives to the upper airway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.