ArticleFree radical biology & medicine2013
Thiocyanate potentiates antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: in situ generation of the sulfur trioxide radical anion by singlet oxygen.
Article in Free radical biology & medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 52 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tailored photonic bodyguards for methylene blue regeneration and enhanced photodynamic therapy.Chemical science · 2026Article
- Boosting the antibacterial potency of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy against oral pathogens through supplement agents: A narrative review.Journal of dental sciences · 2025Review
- Photosensitized Oxidative Damage from a New Perspective: The Influence of Before-Light and After-Light Reaction Conditions.The Journal of organic chemistry · 2024Review
- Positively Charged Gold Quantum Dots: An Nanozymatic "Off-On" Sensor for Thiocyanate Detection.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- In Vivo Potentiation of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy in a Mouse Model of Fungal Infection by Addition of Potassium Iodide.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Methylene Blue-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Against Clinical Isolates of Extensively Drug Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Nosocomial Infections in Thailand, AnFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Ultrasonic role to activate persulfate/chlorite with foamed zero-valent-iron: Sonochemical applications and induced mechanisms.Ultrasonics sonochemistry · 2021Article
- Fine Particulate Matter-Induced Oxidative Stress Mediated by UVA-Visible Light Leads to Keratinocyte Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial Photodynamic Approach in the Inactivation of Viruses in Wastewater: Influence of Alternative Adjuvants.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Photoinactivation of Staphylococci with 405 nm Light in a Trachea Model with Saliva Substitute at 37 °C.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A novel tricationic fullerene CPhotochemical & photobiological sciences : Official journal of the European Photochemistry Association and the European Society for Photobiology · 2021Article
- Oxygen-Independent Antimicrobial Photoinactivation: Type III Photochemical Mechanism?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- An Insight into Advanced Approaches for Photosensitizer Optimization in Endodontics-A Critical Review.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2019Article
- Tetracyclines: light-activated antibiotics?Future medicinal chemistry · 2019Review
- Can light-based approaches overcome antimicrobial resistance?Drug development research · 2019Review
- Comparison of thiocyanate and selenocyanate for potentiation of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.Journal of biophotonics · 2019Article
- Inorganic Salts and Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy: Mechanistic Conundrums?Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Comparison of two functionalized fullerenes for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation: Potentiation by potassium iodide and photochemical mechanisms.Journal of photochemistry and photobiology. B, Biology · 2018Article
- Antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation is potentiated by the addition of selenocyanate: Possible involvement of selenocyanogen?Journal of biophotonics · 2018Article
- An Insight Into the Potentiation Effect of Potassium Iodide on aPDT Efficacy.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used for the eradication of pathogenic microbial cells and involves the light excitation of dyes in the presence of O2, yielding reactive oxygen species including the hydroxyl radical (OH) and singlet oxygen ((1)O2). In order to chemically enhance PDT by the formation of longer-lived radical species, we asked whether thiocyanate (SCN(-)) could potentiate the methylene blue (MB) and light-mediated killing of the gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the gram-negative Escherichia coli. SCN(-) enhanced PDT (10 µM MB, 5 J/cm(2) 660 nm hv) killing in a concentration-dependent manner of S. aureus by 2.5 log10 to a maximum of 4.2 log10 at 10mM (P<0.001) and increased killing of E. coli by 3.6 log10 to a maximum of 5.0 log10 at 10mM (P<0.01). We determined that SCN(-) rapidly depleted O2 from an irradiated MB system, reacting exclusively with (1)O2, without quenching the MB excited triplet state. SCN(-) reacted with (1)O2, producing a sulfur trioxide radical anion (a sulfur-centered radical demonstrated by EPR spin trapping). We found that MB-PDT of SCN(-) in solution produced both sulfite and cyanide anions, and that addition of each of these salts separately enhanced MB-PDT killing of bacteria. We were unable to detect EPR signals of OH, which, together with kinetic data, strongly suggests that MB, known to produce OH and (1)O2, may, under the conditions used, preferentially form (1)O2.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.