ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2013
Astrocytic Control of Biosynthesis and Turnover of the Neurotransmitters Glutamate and GABA.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers.
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Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 293 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Glial cell and perineuronal net interactions in the dorsal striatum of aged mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Ethnopharmacological relevance of Chinese medicinal materials and natural products in epilepsy: a critical multi-target review integrating neurons, glia and inflammatory signaling.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Astrocytes in Parkinson's Disease: From Guardians to Accomplices.Clinical interventions in aging · 2026Review
- Integrative genome-scale metabolic model of GABAergic neurons reveals metabolic signatures across the mild cognitive impairment - Alzheimer disease continuum.Frontiers in systems biology · 2026Article
- Glial Cell and Perineuronal Net Interactions in the Dorsal Striatum of Aged Mice.Journal of experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Characterizing Spatial Associations Between GluCEST MRI and Neurotransmitter Receptor Density in the Human Cortex.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- An Emerging Role for OGDHL: From Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism to Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Biology · 2025Review
- Molecular Basis of GABA Aminotransferase Inhibition in Epilepsy: Structure, Mechanisms, and Drug Development.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- AI-Driven Quantitative Metabolomics for Early and Precise HIE Diagnosis: Challenges and Solutions.ACS omega · 2025Review
- Chronic Ethanol Drinking Alters Medial Prefrontal Cortex and Nucleus Accumbens Astrocyte Translatome and Extracellular Matrix Glycosaminoglycans.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Development of the Direct Deuteration Method for Amino Acids and Characterization of Deuterated Tryptophan.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Are Hippocampal Hypoperfusion and ATP Depletion Prime Movers in the Genesis of Alzheimer's Disease? A Review of Recent Pertinent Observations from Molecular Biology.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glutamate and GABA are the quantitatively major neurotransmitters in the brain mediating excitatory and inhibitory signaling, respectively. These amino acids are metabolically interrelated and at the same time they are tightly coupled to the intermediary metabolism including energy homeostasis. Astrocytes play a pivotal role in the maintenance of the neurotransmitter pools of glutamate and GABA since only these cells express pyruvate carboxylase, the enzyme required for de novo synthesis of the two amino acids. Such de novo synthesis is obligatory to compensate for catabolism of glutamate and GABA related to oxidative metabolism when the amino acids are used as energy substrates. This, in turn, is influenced by the extent to which the cycling of the amino acids between neurons and astrocytes may occur. This cycling is brought about by the glutamate/GABA - glutamine cycle the operation of which involves the enzymes glutamine synthetase (GS) and phosphate-activated glutaminase together with the plasma membrane transporters for glutamate, GABA, and glutamine. The distribution of these proteins between neurons and astrocytes determines the efficacy of the cycle and it is of particular importance that GS is exclusively expressed in astrocytes. It should be kept in mind that the operation of the cycle is associated with movement of ammonia nitrogen between the two cell types and different mechanisms which can mediate this have been proposed. This review is intended to delineate the above mentioned processes and to discuss quantitatively their relative importance in the homeostatic mechanisms responsible for the maintenance of optimal conditions for the respective neurotransmission processes to operate.
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