Evidence map›Paper›PMID 23966865›Full record

ArticlePLoS genetics2013

Integrated model of de novo and inherited genetic variants yields greater power to identify risk genes.

Xin He, Stephan J Sanders, Li Liu, Silvia De Rubeis, Elaine T Lim, James S Sutcliffe, Gerard D Schellenberg, Richard A Gibbs, Mark J Daly, Joseph D Buxbaum and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PLoS genetics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 184 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
184citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

184 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
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  7. Review
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  10. Comprehensive analysis ofmedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
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  14. Black EquaLity in OCD NeuroGenomics (BELONG): Study Protocol.American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics : the official publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics · 2026
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Clinical,medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
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  20. Article

124 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Xin HeLane Center of Computational Biology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Stephan J Sanders
Li Liu
Silvia De Rubeis
Elaine T Lim
James S Sutcliffe
Gerard D Schellenberg
Richard A Gibbs
Mark J Daly
Joseph D Buxbaum
Matthew W State
Bernie Devlin
Kathryn Roeder

Funding

Genetics Association in Schizophrenia and Other DisordersR37MH057881 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEVLIN, BERNIE · 2013 to 2022
$5.4M
5/5 - Elucidating the Genetic Architecture of Autism by Deep Genomic SequencingR01MH089482 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI SUTCLIFFE, JAMES S · 2009 to 2010
$5.2M
GENETIC ASSOCIATION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA AND OTHER DISORDERSR01MH057881 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEVLIN, BERNIE · 1998 to 2012
$4.8M
2/5-Elucidating the Genetic Architecture of Autism by Deep Genomic SequencingR01MH089208 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI DALY, MARK JOSEPH · 2009 to 2010
$4.2M
MOLECULAR GENETICS OF 15Q11-Q13 DEFECTS IN AUTISMR01MH061009 · NIMH · VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY · PI SUTCLIFFE, JAMES S · 2000 to 2008
$3.3M
4/4 The Autism Sequencing Consortium: Autism gene discovery in the >20,000 exomes (supplement)U01MH100239 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI STATE, MATTHEW W. · 2013 to 2015
$3.0M
1/5: Elucidating the Genetic Architecture of Autism by Deep Genomic SequencingR01MH089175 · NIMH · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI GIBBS, RICHARD A · 2009 to 2010
$3.0M
1/4-The Autism Sequencing Consortium: Autism gene discovery in >20,000 exomesU01MH100233 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI BUXBAUM, JOSEPH D. · 2013 to 2015
$2.5M
2/4-The Autism Sequencing Consortium: Autism gene discovery in >20,000 exomesU01MH100229 · NIMH · BROAD INSTITUTE, INC. · PI DALY, MARK JOSEPH · 2013 to 2015
$1.5M
3/5-Elucidating the Genetic Architecture of Autism by Deep Genomic SequencingR01MH089025 · NIMH · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI BUXBAUM, JOSEPH D. · 2009 to 2010
$1.4M
4/5-Elucidating the Genetic Architecture of Autism by Deep Genomic SequencingR01MH089004 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SCHELLENBERG, GERARD DAVID · 2009 to 2010
$1.2M
3/4 - The Autism Sequencing Consortium: Autism gene discovery in >20,000 exomesU01MH100209 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI DEVLIN, BERNIE · 2013 to 2015
$908k
NIMH NIH HHS 1U01MH100209NIMH NIH HHS 1U01MH100233-01NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH057881NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH061009NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH089004NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH089025NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH089175NIMH NIH HHS R01MH089175NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH089208NIMH NIH HHS R01MH089208NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH089482NIMH NIH HHS R37 MH057881NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH100209NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH100229NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH100233NIMH NIH HHS U01 MH100239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

De novo mutations affect risk for many diseases and disorders, especially those with early-onset. An example is autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Four recent whole-exome sequencing (WES) studies of ASD families revealed a handful of novel risk genes, based on independent de novo loss-of-function (LoF) mutations falling in the same gene, and found that de novo LoF mutations occurred at a twofold higher rate than expected by chance. However successful these studies were, they used only a small fraction of the data, excluding other types of de novo mutations and inherited rare variants. Moreover, such analyses cannot readily incorporate data from case-control studies. An important research challenge in gene discovery, therefore, is to develop statistical methods that accommodate a broader class of rare variation. We develop methods that can incorporate WES data regarding de novo mutations, inherited variants present, and variants identified within cases and controls. TADA, for Transmission And De novo Association, integrates these data by a gene-based likelihood model involving parameters for allele frequencies and gene-specific penetrances. Inference is based on a Hierarchical Bayes strategy that borrows information across all genes to infer parameters that would be difficult to estimate for individual genes. In addition to theoretical development we validated TADA using realistic simulations mimicking rare, large-effect mutations affecting risk for ASD and show it has dramatically better power than other common methods of analysis. Thus TADA's integration of various kinds of WES data can be a highly effective means of identifying novel risk genes. Indeed, application of TADA to WES data from subjects with ASD and their families, as well as from a study of ASD subjects and controls, revealed several novel and promising ASD candidate genes with strong statistical support.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationModels, TheoreticalMutationBayes TheoremCase-Control StudiesChild Development Disorders, PervasiveExomeGenetic Predisposition to DiseaseHumansLikelihood FunctionsRisk FactorsSequence Analysis, DNA

Identifiers

PMID23966865
PMCPMC3744441

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.