ArticlePlant physiology2013
Enzymatic formation of β-citraurin from β-cryptoxanthin and Zeaxanthin by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase4 in the flavedo of citrus fruit.
Article in Plant physiology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Regulation of apocarotenoids for quality improvement and biofortification of horticultural crops.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- An evolutionarily diverged CCD4 enzyme negatively regulates mesocotyl elongation in rice.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Evolutionary adaptation of CCD4 enzymes inFrontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Deep transcriptome and metabolome analysis to dissect untapped spatial dynamics of specialized metabolism in Saussurea costus (Falc.) Lipsch.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Article
- Functional compounds in tropical fruit processing by-products and intrinsic factors affecting their composition: A review.Current research in food science · 2025Review
- Red peel regulator 1 links ethylene response factor 25 and β-citraurin biosynthetic genes to regulate ethylene-induced peel reddening in citrus.The Plant cell · 2024Article
- Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses of yellow-flowered crocuses to infer alternative sources of saffron metabolites.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- The genome of Citrus australasica reveals disease resistance and other species specific genes.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- Transcriptional deciphering of the metabolic pathways associated with the bioactive ingredients of wolfberry species with different quality characteristics.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Phylogeny ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Natural overexpression of CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 4 in tomato alters carotenoid flux.Plant physiology · 2023Article
- Jasmonate activates a CsMPK6-CsMYC2 module that regulates the expression of β-citraurin biosynthetic genes and fruit coloration in orange (Citrus sinensis).The Plant cell · 2023Article
- Integrated metabolic and transcriptional analysis reveals the role of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 (IbCCD4) in carotenoid accumulation in sweetpotato tuberous roots.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2023Article
- CitrusHorticulture research · 2023Article
- Gardenia carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4a is an efficient tool for biotechnological production of crocins in green and non-green plant tissues.Plant biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Overexpression of Sweet Potato Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase 4 (International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Transcriptome profiling revealed candidate genes, pathways and transcription factors related to nitrogen utilization and excessive nitrogen stress in perennial ryegrass.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Genome-Wide Identification ofGenes · 2022Article
- Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins.BMC plant biology · 2022Review
- Metabolism of Carotenoids and β-Ionone Are Mediated by Carotenogenic Genes andFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, the pathway of β-citraurin biosynthesis, carotenoid contents and the expression of genes related to carotenoid metabolism were investigated in two varieties of Satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), Yamashitabeni-wase, which accumulates β-citraurin predominantly, and Miyagawa-wase, which does not accumulate β-citraurin. The results suggested that CitCCD4 (for Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase4) was a key gene contributing to the biosynthesis of β-citraurin. In the flavedo of Yamashitabeni-wase, the expression of CitCCD4 increased rapidly from September, which was consistent with the accumulation of β-citraurin. In the flavedo of Miyagawa-wase, the expression of CitCCD4 remained at an extremely low level during the ripening process, which was consistent with the absence of β-citraurin. Functional analysis showed that the CitCCD4 enzyme exhibited substrate specificity. It cleaved β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin at the 7,8 or 7',8' position. But other carotenoids tested in this study (lycopene, α-carotene, β-carotene, all-trans-violaxanthin, and 9-cis-violaxanthin) were not cleaved by the CitCCD4 enzyme. The cleavage of β-cryptoxanthin and zeaxanthin by CitCCD4 led to the formation of β-citraurin. Additionally, with ethylene and red light-emitting diode light treatments, the gene expression of CitCCD4 was up-regulated in the flavedo of Yamashitabeni-wase. These increases in the expression of CitCCD4 were consistent with the accumulation of β-citraurin in the two treatments. These results might provide new strategies to improve the carotenoid contents and compositions of citrus fruits.
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