ArticleJournal of virology2013
Refrex-1, a soluble restriction factor against feline endogenous and exogenous retroviruses.
Article in Journal of virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Engineered soluble truncated envelope proteins block bovine leukemia virus infection.Virus research · 2026Article
- Dynamic evolution of retroviral envelope-derived sequences in primates.Virus evolution · 2026Article
- Riboflavin transporter: evidence of a role as entry receptor for chimpanzee endogenous retrovirus.Virus evolution · 2025Article
- FeLIX is a restriction factor for mammalian retrovirus infection.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- The Diverse Evolutionary Histories of Domesticated Metaviral Capsid Genes in Mammals.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024Article
- Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Exploring the role of endogenous retroviruses in seasonal reproductive cycles: a case study of the ERV-V envelope gene in mink.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- The diverse evolutionary histories of domesticated metaviral capsid genes in mammals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Characterization of ferret Pit1 as a receptor of feline leukemia virus subgroup B.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2023Article
- Ancient origin of Jingchuvirales derived glycoproteins integrated in arthropod genomes.Genetics and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Widespread expression of the ancient HERV-K (HML-2) provirus group in normal human tissues.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Cross-species transmission of an ancient endogenous retrovirus and convergent co-option of its envelope gene in two mammalian orders.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Convergent evolution of antiviral machinery derived from endogenous retrovirus truncated envelope genes in multiple species.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Identification of Copper Transporter 1 as a Receptor for Feline Endogenous Retrovirus ERV-DC14.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Transcriptional and reverse transcriptional regulation of host genes by human endogenous retroviruses in cancers.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Switching Sides: How Endogenous Retroviruses Protect Us from Viral Infections.Journal of virology · 2021Review
- Retrocopying expands the functional repertoire of APOBEC3 antiviral proteins in primates.eLife · 2020Article
- Diversity of endogenous avian leukosis virus subgroup E (ALVE) insertions in indigenous chickens.Genetics, selection, evolution : GSE · 2020Article
- In and Outs of Chuviridae Endogenous Viral Elements: Origin of a Potentially New Retrovirus and Signature of Ancient and Ongoing Arms Race in Mosquito Genomes.Frontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Tracking the Fate of Endogenous Retrovirus Segregation in Wild and Domestic Cats.Journal of virology · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The host defense against viral infection is acquired during the coevolution or symbiosis of the host and pathogen. Several cellular factors that restrict retroviral infection have been identified in the hosts. Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a gammaretrovirus that is classified into several receptor interference groups, including a novel FeLV-subgroup D (FeLV-D) that we recently identified. FeLV-D is generated by transduction of the env gene of feline endogenous gammaretrovirus of the domestic cat (ERV-DCs) into FeLV. Some ERV-DCs are replication competent viruses which are present and hereditary in cats. We report here the determination of new viral receptor interference groups and the discovery of a soluble antiretroviral factor, termed Refrex-1. Detailed analysis of FeLV-D strains and ERV-DCs showed two receptor interference groups that are distinct from other FeLV subgroups, and Refrex-1 specifically inhibited one of them. Refrex-1 is characterized as a truncated envelope protein of ERV-DC and includes the N-terminal region of surface unit, which is a putative receptor-binding domain, but lacks the transmembrane region. Refrex-1 is efficiently secreted from the cells and appears to cause receptor interference extracellularly. Two variants of Refrex-1 encoded by provirus loci, ERV-DC7 and DC16, are expressed in a broad range of feline tissues. The host retains Refrex-1 as an antiretroviral factor, which may potentially prevent reemergence of the ERVs and the emergence of novel ERV-related viruses in cats. Refrex-1 may have been acquired during endogenization of ERV-DCs and may play an important role in retroviral restriction and antiviral defense in cats.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.