ArticleSexually transmitted infections2014
Rectal douching and implications for rectal microbicides among populations vulnerable to HIV in South America: a qualitative study.
Article in Sexually transmitted infections, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed.
- A latent trajectory analysis of young sexual and gender minorities' adherence to three rectal microbicide placebo formulations (MTN-035; a randomized crossover trial).BMC public health · 2023Trial
- Sexual health and treatment-related sexual dysfunction in sexual and gender minorities with prostate cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2023Review
- Hypo-osmolar rectal douche tenofovir formulation prevents simian/human immunodeficiency virus acquisition in macaques.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Article
- Rectal Douching Practices Associated with Anal Intercourse: Implications for the Development of a Behaviorally Congruent HIV-Prevention Rectal Microbicide Douche.AIDS and behavior · 2019Article
- Rectal Douching Associated with Receptive Anal Intercourse: A Literature Review.AIDS and behavior · 2018Review
- Rectal Douching Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Paris: Implications for HIV/STI Risk Behaviors and Rectal Microbicide Development.AIDS and behavior · 2018Article
- Hypo-osmolar Formulation of Tenofovir (TFV) Enema Promotes Uptake and Metabolism of TFV in Tissues, Leading to Prevention of SHIV/SIV Infection.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2018Article
- On-demand microbicide products: design matters.Drug delivery and translational research · 2017Review
- Article
- Prevalence and types of rectal douches used for anal intercourse among men who have sex with men in Brazil.BMJ open · 2017Article
- Lessons for Rectal Microbicide Development From an Acceptability Trial of a Placebo Gel Applied Prior to Receptive Anal Intercourse.Archives of sexual behavior · 2017Article
- Anal Douche Practices and Willingness to Use a Rectal Microbicide Enema for HIV Prevention and Associated Factors Among an Internet Sample of HIV-Negative and HIV-Discordant Male Couples in the US.AIDS and behavior · 2016Article
- Prevalence and types of rectal douches used for anal intercourse: results from an international survey.BMC infectious diseases · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWhile gel-formulated rectal microbicides (RM) are the first to enter clinical trials, rectal douching in preparation for anal intercourse is a common practice; thus RMs formulated as douches may be a convenient alternative to gels. Nonetheless, little is known about potential users' thoughts regarding douche-formulated RMs or rectal douching practices, data that is needed to inform the advancement of douche-based RMs. This qualitative study examined thoughts regarding douches, their use as an RM and current douching practices among men who have sex with men and transgender women.
methods12 focus groups and 36 in-depth interviews were conducted (N=140) to examine the overall acceptability of RM, of which one component focused on rectal douching. Focus groups and interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and coded; text relating to rectal douching was extracted and analysed. Sociodemographic information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire.
resultsSupport for a douche-formulated RM centred on the possibility of combined precoital hygiene and HIV protection, and it was believed that a deeply penetrating liquid douche would confer greater HIV protection than a gel. Drawbacks included rectal dryness, impracticality and portability issues, and potential side effects. Non-commercial douching apparatus use was common and liquids used included detergents, vinegar, bleach, lemon juice and alcohol.
conclusionsA douche-formulated RM, while desirable and perceived as more effective than a gel-formulated RM, also generated questions regarding practicality and side effects. Of immediate concern were the non-commercial liquids already being used that likely damage rectal epithelia, potentially increasing HIV infection risk. Precoital rectal douching is common and an RM formulated as such is desirable, but education on rectal douching practices is needed now.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.