ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2014
Varenicline and cytisine diminish the dysphoric-like state associated with spontaneous nicotine withdrawal in rats.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Varenicline, Depressive Symptoms, and Region of Enrollment on Smoking Cessation in Depressed Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Trial
- Cytisine-New Challenges of a Well-Known Drug in the Treatment of Nicotine Addiction.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Differential effects of nAChR modulators on impulsive action in a nicotine self-administration Go/No-Go task in rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Cytisinicline vs. Varenicline in Tobacco Addiction: A Literature Review Focused on Emotional Regulation, Psychological Symptoms, and Mental Health.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The role of glucocorticoid and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the reward-enhancing effects of nicotine in the ICSS procedure in male and female rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Enhancing translation: A need to leverage complex preclinical models of addictive drugs to accelerate substance use treatment options.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2024Review
- Sex differences in nicotine intake and relapse behavior in nicotine-dependent adult wistar rats.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Dopamine D1-like receptor activation decreases nicotine intake in rats with short or long access to nicotine.Addiction biology · 2023Article
- Article
- Development of Dependence in Smokers and Rodents With Voluntary Nicotine Intake: Similarities and Differences.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Review
- Rewarding Effects of Nicotine Self-administration Increase Over Time in Male and Female Rats.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- Rodent models for nicotine withdrawal.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2021Review
- Cannabidiol reduces withdrawal symptoms in nicotine-dependent rats.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Tobacco smoke exposure enhances reward sensitivity in male and female rats.Psychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Evaluation of the rewarding effects of mitragynine and 7-hydroxymitragynine in an intracranial self-stimulation procedure in male and female rats.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Adolescent nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure enhances nicotine self-administration in female rats.Neuropharmacology · 2020Article
- Higher anhedonia during withdrawal from initial opioid exposure is protective against subsequent opioid self-administration in rats.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- More than Smoke and Patches: The Quest for Pharmacotherapies to Treat Tobacco Use Disorder.Pharmacological reviews · 2020Review
- Rewarding Effects of Nicotine in Adolescent and Adult Male and Female Rats as Measured Using Intracranial Self-stimulation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
- Relationship Between Nicotine Intake and Reward Function in Rats With Intermittent Short Versus Long Access to Nicotine.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Tobacco addiction is characterized by a negative mood state upon smoking cessation and relapse after periods of abstinence. Clinical studies indicate that negative mood states lead to craving and relapse. The partial α4/α6/β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists varenicline and cytisine are widely used as smoking cessation treatments. Varenicline has been approved in the United States for smoking cessation and cytisine is used in Eastern European countries. Despite the widespread use of these compounds, very little is known about their effects on mood states. These studies investigated the effects of varenicline, cytisine, and the cytisine-derivative 3-(pyridin-3'-yl)-cytisine (3-pyr-Cyt) on brain reward function in nicotine-naive and nicotine-withdrawing rats. The cytisine-derivative 3-pyr-Cyt is a very weak α4β2* nAChR partial agonist and like cytisine and varenicline has antidepressant-like effects in animal models. The intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS) procedure was used to investigate the effects of these compounds on brain reward function. Elevations in ICSS thresholds reflect a dysphoric state and a lowering of thresholds is indicative of a potentiation of brain reward function. It was shown that acute administration of nicotine and varenicline lowered ICSS thresholds. Acute administration of cytisine or 3-pyr-Cyt did not affect ICSS thresholds. Discontinuation of chronic, 14 days, nicotine administration led to elevations in ICSS thresholds that lasted for about 2 days. Varenicline and cytisine, but not 3-pyr-Cyt, diminished the nicotine withdrawal-induced elevations in ICSS thresholds. In conclusion, these studies indicate that varenicline and cytisine diminish the dysphoric-like state associated with nicotine withdrawal and may thereby prevent relapse to smoking in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.