ReviewClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2013
Molecular pathways: Estrogen pathway in colorectal cancer.
Review in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Association of hormone replacement therapy with mortality in colorectal cancer survivor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC cancer · 2019Pooled it
- Circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol and Risk of Colorectal Adenomas and Serrated Polyps.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Trial
- High incidence of colorectal cancer in Japanese individuals with hypertension.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026Article
- Uncovering hypothesis-generating associations between prescription drugs and digestive cancer risk: a case-control drug-wide association study (DWAS).Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Alzheimer's disease-related mutations in APP influence colorectal tumor formation in a sex-dependent manner.iScience · 2026Article
- Unravelling the effects of selective estrogen receptor modulators on colorectal cancer: a prognostic role for insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Article
- Exploring Risk Factors and Sex Differences in Colorectal Cancer: Insights from Current Evidence.Cells · 2026Review
- Nationwide analysis on sex differences in diagnosis, treatment and survival of rectal cancer.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Sex steroid receptors in colorectal cancer: implications for tumor progression, therapeutic opportunities, and sex-specific outcomes.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Associations between insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-binding protein 3, and colorectal cancer.Cancer epidemiology · 2026Article
- Premenstrual Syndrome and Nutritional Factors: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Estrogen-Induced Hypermethylation Silencing ofCells · 2026Article
- Long-term systemic outcomes of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy by age at menopause: a real-world cohort study.Human reproduction open · 2026Article
- Novel common target genes for breast cancer and colorectal cancer: a Mendelian randomization and spatial transcriptomics study.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Early and late-onset colorectal cancer in African Americans during COVID-19.World journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2025Article
- Role of Bisphenol A in the Development and Progression of Colorectal Cancer: Possible Sex-Specific Effects of Endogenous and Exogenous Estrogens.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Associations of Biomarkers of Systemic Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Cell-to-Cell Adhesion With Tumor Budding Among Early-Onset and Later-Onset Colorectal Cancer Patients.Cancer medicine · 2025Observational
- Article
- Differences in the role of Gper1 in colorectal cancer progression depending on sex.Oncology letters · 2025Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Worldwide, colorectal cancer has a higher incidence rate in men than in women, suggesting a protective role for sex hormones in the development of the disease. Preclinical data support a role for estrogen and its receptors in the initiation and progression of colorectal cancer and establishes that protective effects of estrogen are exerted through ERβ. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women as well as consumption of soy reduces the incidence of colorectal cancer. In the Women's Health Initiative trial, use of HRT in postmenopausal women reduced the risk of colon cancer by 56% [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38-0.81; P = 0.003]. A recent meta-analysis showed that in women, consumption of soy reduced the risk of colon cancer by 21% (95% CI, 0.03-0.35; P = 0.026). In this review, using the preclinical data, we translate the findings in the clinical trials and observational studies to define the role of estrogen in the prevention of colorectal cancer. We hypothesize that sometime during the tumorigenesis process ERβ expression in colonocytes is lost and the estrogen ligand, HRT, or soy products, exerts its effects through preventing this loss. Thus, in the adenoma-to-carcinoma continuum, timing of HRT is a significant determinant of the observed benefit from this intervention. We further argue that the protective effects of estrogen are limited to certain molecular subtypes. Successful development of estrogen modulators for prevention of colorectal cancer depends on identification of susceptible colorectal cancer population(s). Thus, research to better understand the estrogen pathway is fundamental for clinical delivery of these agents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.