ArticleThe New England journal of medicine2013
Eastern equine encephalitis in Latin America.
Article in The New England journal of medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers.
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Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and immunogenicity of a trivalent virus-like particle vaccine against western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses: a phase 1, open-label, dose-escalation, randomised clinical trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Encephalitic alphavirus infection induces long-term humoral and cell-mediated responses in seropositive participants from Panama.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Transmission potential of Culex and Aedes species for Madariaga virus, a member of the eastern equine encephalitis virus complex.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Importin α1 contributes to Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-induced cell death, but is not required for the capsid-mediated blockage of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Investigation of neurotropic arboviruses in wild and domestic animals in Amazon region, 2023-2024.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Article
- Development ofEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Seroprevalence of Arboviruses and Genetic Characterization of Orbiviruses in Sloths from Western Panama.Viruses · 2025Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Encephalitis in a Six-Year-Old Girl: A Case Report From Latin America.Cureus · 2025Article
- Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis, Peruvian Amazon, 2020.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Eastern equine encephalitis virus: Pathogenesis, immune response, and clinical manifestations.Infectious medicine · 2025Review
- Exposure to non-endemic arboviruses (alphaviruses) in Costa Rica assessed from human samples collected in areas with contrasting levels of dengue endemicity.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Arbovirus infection increases the risk for the development of neurodegenerative disease pathology in the murine model.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2024Article
- Review
- Designing a Multiepitope Vaccine against Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus: Immunoinformatics and Computational Approaches.ACS omega · 2024Article
- Trends in emerging vector-borne viral infections and their outcome in children over two decades.Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Characteristics of Madariaga and Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Virus Infections, Panama.Emerging infectious diseases · 2024Review
- Neurological manifestations of encephalitic alphaviruses, traumatic brain injuries, and organophosphorus nerve agent exposure.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Review
- Real-time RT-PCR for Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex, Madariaga, and Eastern equine encephalitis viruses: application in human and mosquito public health surveillance in Panama.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
20 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) viruses are pathogens that infect humans and horses in the Americas. Outbreaks of neurologic disease in humans and horses were reported in Panama from May through early August 2010.
methodsWe performed antibody assays and tests to detect viral RNA and isolate the viruses in serum samples from hospitalized patients. Additional cases were identified with enhanced surveillance.
resultsA total of 19 patients were hospitalized for encephalitis. Among them, 7 had confirmed EEE, 3 had VEE, and 1 was infected with both viruses; 3 patients died, 1 of whom had confirmed VEE. The clinical findings for patients with EEE included brain lesions, seizures that evolved to status epilepticus, and neurologic sequelae. An additional 99 suspected or probable cases of alphavirus infection were detected during active surveillance. In total, 13 cases were confirmed as EEE, along with 11 cases of VEE and 1 case of dual infection. A total of 50 cases in horses were confirmed as EEE and 8 as VEE; mixed etiologic factors were associated with 11 cases in horses. Phylogenetic analyses of isolates from 2 cases of equine infection with the EEE virus and 1 case of human infection with the VEE virus indicated that the viruses were of enzootic lineages previously identified in Panama rather than new introductions.
conclusionsCases of EEE in humans in Latin America may be the result of ecologic changes that increased human contact with enzootic transmission cycles, genetic changes in EEE viral strains that resulted in increased human virulence, or an altered host range. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panama.).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.