ArticleClinical & experimental metastasis2014
Relaxins enhance growth of spontaneous murine breast cancers as well as metastatic colonization of the brain.
Article in Clinical & experimental metastasis, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of relaxins in blood cell modulation: interactions with relaxin family peptide receptor 1 (RXFP1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR).Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2025Review
- Role of Relaxin Signaling in Cancer: A Review.Biochemical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Relaxin combined with transarterial chemoembolization achieved synergistic effects and inhibited liver cancer metastasis in a rabbit VX2 model.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2024Article
- The dual and multifaceted role of relaxin-2 in cancer.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2023Review
- Novel CTRP8-RXFP1-JAK3-STAT3 axis promotes Cdc42-dependent actin remodeling for enhanced filopodia formation and motility in human glioblastoma cells.Molecular oncology · 2022Article
- Strategies to enhance monoclonal antibody uptake and distribution in solid tumors.Cancer biology & medicine · 2021Review
- Relaxin gene delivery modulates macrophages to resolve cancer fibrosis and synergizes with immune checkpoint blockade therapy.Science advances · 2021Article
- Immune landscape and prognostic immune-related genes in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer patients.Journal of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Mutation profiling in eight cases of vagal paragangliomas.BMC medical genomics · 2020Article
- Collective tumor cell migration in the presence of fibroblasts.Journal of biomechanics · 2020Article
- Relaxin abrogates renal interstitial fibrosis by regulating macrophage polarization via inhibition of Toll-like receptor 4 signaling.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- G-Protein-coupled receptors as potential drug candidates in preeclampsia: targeting the relaxin/insulin-like family peptide receptor 1 for treatment and prevention.Human reproduction update · 2016Review
- Targeting metastasis.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2016Review
- RXFP1 is Targeted by Complement C1q Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Factor 8 in Brain Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Relaxins are known for their tissue remodeling capacity which is also a hallmark of cancer progression. However, their role in the latter context is still unclear, particularly in breast cancer. In a mouse model with spontaneously arising breast cancer due to erbB2-overexpression we show that exposure to porcine relaxin results in significantly enhanced tumour growth as compared to control animals. This is accompanied by increased serum concentrations of progesterone and estradiol as well as elevated expression of the respective receptors and the relaxin receptor RXFP1 in the tumour tissue. It is also associated with enhanced infiltration by tumour-associated macrophages which are known to promote tumour progression. Additionally, we show in an ex vivo model of metastatic brain colonization that porcine relaxin as well as human brain-specific relaxin-3 promotes invasion into the brain tissue and enhance interaction of breast cancer cells with the resident brain macrophages, the microglia. Relaxin signaling is mediated via RXFP1, since R 3/I5, a specific agonist of the relaxin-3 receptor RXFP3 in the brain, does not significantly enhance invasion. Taken together, these findings strongly support a role of relaxins in the progression of breast cancer where they foster primary tumour growth as well as metastatic colonization by direct and indirect means.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.