Trial reportDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2014
Primed low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy in pediatric hemiparesis: a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 54 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Perinatal Stroke: Understanding Brain Reorganization Through Infant Neuroimaging and Neuromodulation
Effects of Single-session Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Children With Cerebral Palsy
6-Hz Primed Low and High-Frequency Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Motor Function and Meta-Plasticity in Children With Cerebral Palsy: TMS-EEG Study
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Noninvasive brain stimulation for upper limb motor activity in children and young adults with cerebral palsy and pediatric stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Nonpharmacological rehabilitation interventions for motor and cognitive outcomes following pediatric stroke: a systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Constraint-induced movement therapy in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Children: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Pediatric neurology · 2017Pooled it
- Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation-assisted training on lower limb motor function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy.BMC pediatrics · 2024Trial
- Safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation stratified by corticospinal organization in children with hemiparesis.European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society · 2023Trial
- Transcranial direct current stimulation and constraint-induced therapy in cerebral palsy: A randomized, blinded, sham-controlled clinical trial.European journal of paediatric neurology : EJPN : official journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society · 2018Trial
- Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/Behavioral Intervention Clinical Trial: Long-Term Follow-Up of Outcomes in Congenital Hemiparesis.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2016Trial
- Brain stimulation and constraint for perinatal stroke hemiparesis: The PLASTIC CHAMPS Trial.Neurology · 2016Trial
- Synergistic effect of combined transcranial direct current stimulation/constraint-induced movement therapy in children and young adults with hemiparesis: study protocol.BMC pediatrics · 2015Trial
- Effect of combined low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and virtual reality training on upper limb function in subacute stroke: a double-blind randomized controlled trail.Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Medical sciences = Hua zhong ke ji da xue xue bao. Yi xue Ying De wen ban = Huazhong keji daxue xuebao. Yixue Yingdewen ban · 2015Trial
- Safety and feasibility of transcranial direct current stimulation in pediatric hemiparesis: randomized controlled preliminary study.Physical therapy · 2015Trial
- Electrotherapy in Pediatric Rehabilitation: A Structured Narrative Review of Clinical Applications, Treatment Parameters, Safety, and Evidence Gaps.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Efficacy of Shorter Duration Modified Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (mCIMT) Programs.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Review
- Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy in Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy: A Scoping Review of Functional Outcomes and Neuroplasticity-Related Evidence.Annals of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Does a second course of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation enhance neuroplasticity and motor function in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy? Results of a prospective study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2026Article
- Non-invasive brain stimulation for upper extremity dysfunction in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and constraint-induced movement therapy combined in the treatment of post-stroke movement disorders: a narrative review.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Review
- Longitudinal study of single-pulse TMS in infants with perinatal brain injury: safety and feasibility.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimThe aim of this study was to determine the feasibility and efficacy of five treatments of 6 Hz primed, low-frequency, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) to promote recovery of the paretic hand in children with congenital hemiparesis.
methodNineteen children with congenital hemiparesis aged between 8 and 17 years (10 males, nine females; mean age 10 years 10 months, SD 2 years 10 months; Manual Ability Classification Scale levels I-III) underwent five sessions of either real rTMS (n=10) or sham rTMS (n=9) alternated daily with CIMT. CIMT consisted of 13 days of continuous long-arm casting with five skin-check sessions. Each child received a total of 10 hours of one-to-one therapy. The primary outcome measure was the Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA) and the secondary outcome variables were the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) and stereognosis. A Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test was used to analyze differences between pre- and post-test scores within the groups. Analysis of covariance was used to compute mean differences between groups adjusting for baseline. Fisher's exact test was used to compare individual change in AHA raw scores with the smallest detectable difference (SDD) of 4 points.
resultsAll participants receiving treatment finished the study. Improvement in AHA differed significantly between groups (p=0.007). No significant differences in the secondary outcome measures were found. Eight out of 10 participants in the rTMS/CIMT group showed improvement greater than the SDD, but only two out of nine in the sham rTMS/CIMT group showed such improvement (p=0.023). No serious adverse events occurred.
interpretationPrimed, low-frequency rTMS combined with CIMT appears to be safe, feasible, and efficacious in pediatric hemiparesis. Larger clinical trials are now indicated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.