ArticleToxicologic pathology2014
Toxicity and carcinogenicity studies of Ginkgo biloba extract in rat and mouse: liver, thyroid, and nose are targets.
Article in Toxicologic pathology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Pathogenesis of chemically induced nasal cavity tumors in rodents: contribution to adverse outcome pathway.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2024Review
- Safety profile of herbal medicines submitted for marketing authorization in Tanzania: a cross-sectional retrospective study.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2023Article
- Clinical Implications of Herbal Supplements in Conventional Medical Practice: A US Perspective.Cureus · 2022Review
- The toxicologic pathology aspects of selected natural herbal products and related compounds.Journal of toxicologic pathology · 2021Review
- The link among microbiota, epigenetics, and disease development.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Review
- Are Nutraceuticals Beneficial in Chronic Kidney Disease?Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- The Safety and Efficacy of Botanicals with Nootropic Effects.Current neuropharmacology · 2021Review
- Comparison of phytochemical composition of Ginkgo biloba extracts using a combination of non-targeted and targeted analytical approaches.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Unique microRNA alterations in hepatocellular carcinomas arising either spontaneously or due to chronic exposure to Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) in B6C3F1/N mice.Archives of toxicology · 2020Article
- Herbal Medicine for Cardiovascular Diseases: Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Safety.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- VERIFICATION OF AUTHENTICITY OFActa clinica Croatica · 2019Article
- Systemic exposure to Ginkgo biloba extract in male F344/NCrl rats: Relevance to humans.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2019Article
- Using Tox21 High-Throughput Screening Assays for the Evaluation of Botanical and Dietary Supplements.Applied in vitro toxicology · 2019Article
- Nutraceuticals' Novel Formulations: The Good, the Bad, the Unknown and Patents Involved.Recent patents on drug delivery & formulation · 2019Review
- Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) did not express estrogenic activity in an immature rat uterotrophic assay.Environmental health and toxicology · 2018Article
- Naturally complex: Perspectives and challenges associated with Botanical Dietary Supplement Safety assessment.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) is a popular herbal supplement that is used to improve circulation and brain function. In spite of widespread human exposure to relatively high doses over potentially long periods of time, there is a paucity of data from animal studies regarding the toxicity and carcinogenicity associated with GBE. In order to fill this knowledge gap, 3-month and 2-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies with GBE administered by oral gavage to B6C3F1/N mice and F344/N rats were performed as part of the National Toxicology Program's Dietary Supplements and Herbal Medicines Initiative. The targets of GBE treatment were the liver, thyroid, and nose. These targets were consistent across exposure period, sex, and species, albeit with varying degrees of effect observed among studies. Key findings included a notably high incidence of hepatoblastomas in male and female mice and evidence of carcinogenic potential in the thyroid gland of both mice and rats. Various nonneoplastic lesions were observed beyond control levels in the liver, thyroid gland, and nose of rats and mice administered GBE. Although these results cannot be directly extrapolated to humans, the findings fill an important data gap in assessing risk associated with GBE use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.