ArticleEndocrinology2013
Oxidative stress defines the neuroprotective or neurotoxic properties of androgens in immortalized female rat dopaminergic neuronal cells.
Article in Endocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex hormones, the gut microbiome, and neurodegenerative diseases: Lifespan perspective.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- The Bright and Dark Sides of Nitric Oxide in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Novel Synthetic Steroid Derivatives: Target Prediction and Biological Evaluation of Antiandrogenic Activity.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Territory proximity influences aggression and modulates the relationship between social dominance and oxidative stress in a highly social African cichlid fish.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Sex Differences in Parkinson's Disease: A Narrative Review.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Key Nutrients for Optimal Blood Glucose Control and Mental Health in Individuals with Diabetes: A Review of the Evidence.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Beyond Prostate Cancer: An Androgen Receptor Splice Variant Expression in Multiple Malignancies, Non-Cancer Pathologies, and Development.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Sex and Brain: The Role of Sex Chromosomes and Hormones in Brain Development and Parkinson's Disease.Cells · 2023Review
- Ligand-free mitochondria-localized mutant AR-induced cytotoxicity in spinal bulbar muscular atrophy.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- The association of vitamin D status with oxidative stress biomarkers and matrix metalloproteinases in patients with knee osteoarthritis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- The Role of Lipid Rafts and Membrane Androgen Receptors in Androgen's Neurotoxic Effects.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2022Article
- Nrf2 Deficiency Attenuates Testosterone Efficiency in Ameliorating Mitochondrial Function of the Substantia Nigra in Aged Male Mice.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Neurodegenerative Disease: Roles for Sex, Hormones, and Oxidative Stress.Endocrinology · 2021Review
- Neuronal androgen receptor is required for activity dependent enhancement of peripheral nerve regeneration.Developmental neurobiology · 2021Article
- Monthly fluctuations in 25-hydroxy-vitamin D levels in day and rotating night shift hospital workers.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2020Article
- Testosterone enhances mitochondrial complex V function in the substantia nigra of aged male rats.Aging · 2020Article
- The Role of Sex and Sex Hormones in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Endocrine reviews · 2020Review
- Neuroprotective and neurotoxic outcomes of androgens and estrogens in an oxidative stress environment.Biology of sex differences · 2020Article
- Chronic Testosterone Deprivation Sensitizes the Middle-Aged Rat Brain to Damaging Effects of Testosterone Replacement.Neuroendocrinology · 2020Article
- Vitamin D Deficiency: Effects on Oxidative Stress, Epigenetics, Gene Regulation, and Aging.Biology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Males have a higher risk for developing Parkinson's disease and parkinsonism after ischemic stroke than females. Although estrogens have been shown to play a neuroprotective role in Parkinson's disease, there is little information on androgens' actions on dopamine neurons. In this study, we examined the effects of androgens under conditions of oxidative stress to determine whether androgens play a neuroprotective or neurotoxic role in dopamine neuronal function. Mitochondrial function, cell viability, intracellular calcium levels, and mitochondrial calcium influx were examined in response to androgens under both nonoxidative and oxidative stress conditions. Briefly, N27 dopaminergic cells were exposed to the oxidative stressor, hydrogen peroxide, and physiologically relevant levels of testosterone or dihydrotestosterone, applied either before or after oxidative stress exposure. Androgens, alone, increased mitochondrial function via a calcium-dependent mechanism. Androgen pretreatment protected cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death. However, treatment with androgens after the oxidative insult increased cell death, and these effects were, in part, mediated by calcium influx into the mitochondria. Interestingly, the negative effects of androgens were not blocked by either androgen or estrogen receptor antagonists. Instead, a putative membrane-associated androgen receptor was implicated. Overall, our results indicate that androgens are neuroprotective when oxidative stress levels are minimal, but when oxidative stress levels are elevated, androgens exacerbate oxidative stress damage.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.