ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2014
Obesity as a risk factor for severe influenza-like illness.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Obesity Increases the Severity and Mortality of Influenza and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Assessing the relationship between body mass index and influenza-like illness risk and symptom severity among military health system beneficiaries vaccinated against influenza: a pooled prospective cohort study from a randomized trial.Frontiers in public health · 2026Trial
- Obesity in Recovery From Influenza-Like Illness and Effectiveness of Oseltamivir.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Trial
- Influenza-attributable burden in United Kingdom primary care.Epidemiology and infection · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Effects of metabolic syndrome on pulmonary infection in pediatric bronchial asthma: a narrative review.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Review
- Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Medical Comorbidities as the Independent Risk Factors of Severe Adenovirus Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Diabetes exacerbates SARS-CoV-2 replication through ineffective pulmonary interferon responses, delayed cell-mediated immunity, and disruption of leptin signaling.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Elevated body mass index is not significantly associated with reduced influenza vaccine effectiveness.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation in Children Provide Protective Influenza Vaccine Responses.Viruses · 2022Article
- Association between visceral fat and influenza infection in Japanese adults: A population-based cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Obesity Is Associated With Increased Susceptibility to Influenza A (H1N1pdm) but Not H3N2 Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Article
- The Impact of Obesity on SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic Mortality Risk.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Obesity: A critical risk factor in the COVID-19 pandemic.Clinical obesity · 2020Review
- Factors Associated with Increased Morbidity and Mortality of Obese and Overweight COVID-19 Patients.Biology · 2020Review
- Vitamin A Corrects Tissue Deficits in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and Reduces Influenza Infection After Vaccination and Challenge.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2020Article
- Inflammatory risk factors for hypertriglyceridemia in patients with severe influenza.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Article
- The Impact of Polyphenols-Based Diet on the Inflammatory Profile in COVID-19 Elderly and Obese Patients.Frontiers in physiology · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundObesity was recognized as in independent risk factor for influenza during the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.
objectivesWe evaluated the association between body mass index (BMI) and influenza-like illness (ILI) during two non-pandemic influenza seasons (2003-2004 and 2004-2005) and during the spring and fall waves of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic.
methodsAdults with severe (inpatient) and mild (outpatient) ILI were compared to those without ILI using a case-cohort design. The study was nested among those insured by a single health insurance company, receiving care from a large multispecialty practice. Data were collected from insurance claims and the electronic health record. The primary exposure was obesity (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m(2) ).
resultsAcross three seasons, the crude and adjusted ORs for obesity and severe ILI were 1·65 (95% CI 1·31, 2·08) and 1·23 (95% CI 0·97, 1·57), respectively. An association was observed for those aged 20-59 years (adjusted OR 1·92, 95% CI 1·26, 2·90), but not for those 60 and older (adjusted OR 1·08, 95% CI 0·80, 1·46). The adjusted ORs for obesity and severe ILI in 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and during H1N1 were 1·14 (95% CI 0·80, 1·64), 1·24 (95% CI 0·86, 1·79), and 1·76 (95% CI 0·91, 3·42), respectively. Among those with a Charlson Comorbidity Index score of zero, the adjusted ORs for 2003-2004, 2004-2005, and H1N1 were 1·60 (95% CI 0·93, 2·76), 1·43 (95% CI 0·80, 2·56), and 1·90 (95% CI 0·68, 5·27), respectively.
conclusionsOur results suggest a small to moderate association between obesity and hospitalized ILI among adults.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.