ArticleFuture virology2013
The case for immunomodulatory approaches in treating HSV encephalitis.
Article in Future virology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of childhood encephalitis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Host Genetic Susceptibility and Antiviral Immunity Shape the Pathogenesis and Outcomes of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis.Biology · 2026Review
- Etiological spectrum, risk factors, and outcomes of pediatric acute encephalitis: a 17-year pediatric intensive care unit retrospective cohort study.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- The cell-mediated adaptive immune response to herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis: mechanisms and clinical implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Research trends on herpes simplex encephalitis in children: a bibliometric analysis from 1975 to 2024.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Efficacy and safety of intravenous high-dose immunoglobulin in treatment of the severe form of Japanese encephalitis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- The Intestinal Commensal, Bacteroides fragilis, Modulates Host Responses to Viral Infection and Therapy: Lessons for Exploration during Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.Infection and immunity · 2022Review
- Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A induces IL-10 secreting B and T cells that prevent viral encephalitis.Nature communications · 2019Article
- Serotypes of human enteroviruses causing pediatric viral encephalitis and meningitis in Hebei province, China, from 2013 to 2015.Pediatric investigation · 2018Article
- Molecular mechanisms of neuroinflammation and injury during acute viral encephalitis.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2017Review
- Effects of Acyclovir and IVIG on Behavioral Outcomes after HSV1 CNS Infection.Behavioural neurology · 2017Article
- Establishment of HSV1 latency in immunodeficient mice facilitates efficient in vivo reactivation.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- A Population-Based Acute Meningitis and Encephalitis Syndromes Surveillance in Guangxi, China, May 2007-June 2012.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
HSV encephalitis (HSE) is the most prevalent sporadic viral encephalitis. Although safe and effective antiviral therapies and greatly improved noninvasive diagnostic procedures have significantly improved outcomes, mortality (~20%) and debilitating neurological sequelae in survivors remain unacceptably high. An encouraging new development is that the focus is now shifting away from the virus exclusively, to include consideration of the host immune response to infection in the pathology underlying development of HSE. In this article, the authors discuss results from recent studies in experimental mouse models, as well as clinical reports that demonstrate a role for exaggerated host inflammatory responses in the brain in the development of HSE that is motivating researchers and clinicians to consider new therapeutic approaches for treating HSE. The authors also discuss results from a few studies that have shown that immunomodulatory drugs can be highly protective against HSE, which supports a role for deleterious host inflammatory responses in HSE. The impressive outcomes of some immunomodulatory approaches in mouse models of HSE emphasize the urgent need for clinical trials to rigorously evaluate combination antiviral and immunomodulatory therapy in comparison with standard antiviral therapy for treatment of HSE, and support for such an initiative is gaining momentum.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.