ArticleNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology2014
Elevation of dopamine induced by cigarette smoking: novel insights from a [11C]-+-PHNO PET study in humans.
Article in Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01721473 (Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Density and Veteran Cigarette Smokers), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Density and Veteran Cigarette Smokers
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tobacco smoking and dopaminergic function in humans: a meta-analysis of molecular imaging studies.Psychopharmacology · 2019Pooled it
- Nicotine Patch Alters Patterns of Cigarette Smoking-Induced Dopamine Release: Patterns Relate to Biomarkers Associated With Treatment Response.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Trial
- Bidirectional genetic and phenotypic links between smoking and striatal iron content involving dopaminergic and inflammatory pathways.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2026Article
- Tobacco Smoking Functional Networks: A Whole-Brain Connectome Analysis in 24 539 Individuals.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Exploring the relationship between secondhand smoke exposure in different indoor environments and depression symptoms among non-smoking adults: A cross-sectional study from NHANES.Tobacco induced diseases · 2025Article
- Connectome-based predictive modeling of smoking severity using individualized structural covariance network in smokers.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Effects on Smoking: A Review and Proof of Concept of Sex-Sensitive Effects.Current behavioral neuroscience reports · 2022Article
- Recently Abstinent Smokers Exhibit Mood-Associated Dopamine Dysfunction in the Ventral Striatum Compared to Nonsmokers: A [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Study.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2022Article
- Tobacco and nicotine use.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
- The influence of conditioned stimuli on [Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Multimodal investigation of dopamine DNeuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2021Article
- Drug Use in Night Owls May Increase the Risk for Mental Health Problems.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Article
- Review
- Association Between Second-hand Smoke Exposure and Depressive Symptoms Among Japanese Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.Journal of epidemiology · 2020Article
- Association of Cigarette Smoking with Sleep Disturbance and Neurotransmitters in Cerebrospinal Fluid.Nature and science of sleep · 2020Article
- Striatal Dopamine Release in Response to Morphine: A [Biological psychiatry · 2019Article
- Impact of Substance Use Disorder Pharmacotherapy on Executive Function: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Review
- Brain Function Network and Young Adult Smokers: A Graph Theory Analysis Study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2019Article
- Is There a Role for GPCR Agonist Radiotracers in PET Neuroimaging?Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2019Review
- Neurobiological Considerations for Tobacco Use Disorder.Current behavioral neuroscience reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) has convincingly provided in vivo evidence that psychoactive drugs increase dopamine (DA) levels in human brain, a feature thought critical to their reinforcing properties. Some controversy still exists concerning the role of DA in reinforcing smoking behavior and no study has explored whether smoking increases DA concentrations at the D3 receptor, speculated to have a role in nicotine's addictive potential. Here, we used PET and [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO ([(11)C]-(+)-4-propyl-3,4,4a,5,6,10b-hexahydro-2H-naphtho[1,2-b][1,4]oxazin-9-ol) to test the hypothesis that smoking increases DA release (decreases [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding) in D2-rich striatum and D3-rich extra-striatal regions and is related to craving, withdrawal and smoking behavior. Ten participants underwent [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO scans after overnight abstinence and after smoking a cigarette. Motivation to smoke (smoking topography), mood, and craving were recorded. Smoking significantly decreased self-reported craving, withdrawal, and [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding in D2 and D3-rich areas (-12.0 and -15.3%, respectively). We found that motivation to smoke (puff rate) predicted magnitude of DA release in limbic striatum, and the latter was correlated with decreased craving and withdrawal symptoms. This is the first report suggesting that, in humans, DA release is increased in D3-rich areas in response to smoking. Results also support the preferential involvement of the limbic striatum in motivation to smoke, anticipation of pleasure from cigarettes and relief of withdrawal symptoms. We propose that due to the robust effect of smoking on [(11)C]-(+)-PHNO binding, this radiotracer represents an ideal translational tool to investigate novel therapeutic strategies targeting DA transmission.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.