ArticleCell host & microbe2013
Enveloped viruses disable innate immune responses in dendritic cells by direct activation of TAM receptors.
Article in Cell host & microbe, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 142 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
142 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 190 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Multifaceted Roles of TAM Receptors during Viral Infection.Virologica Sinica · 2021Pooled it
- AXL mediates influenza A virus entry and drives virus-induced inflammation.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Cellular receptors and host factors mediating orthoflavivirus entry.Virology journal · 2026Review
- TAM receptor tyrosine kinases as potential mediators of the non-lytic spread of non-enveloped viruses.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Article
- A single mutation in the PrM gene of Zika virus determines AXL dependency for infection of human neural cells.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Navigating TAM receptor dynamics in tumour immunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Review
- The hidden impact of producer cells on virion composition and infectivity.Future virology · 2025Article
- The ability of human TIM1 to bind phosphatidylethanolamine enhances viral uptake and efferocytosis compared to rhesus and mouse orthologs.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Nano-Biomechanical Investigation of Phosphatidylserine-Mediated Ebola Viral Attachment via Human Gas6 and Axl.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- The ability of human TIM1 to bind phosphatidylethanolamine enhances viral uptake and efferocytosis compared to rhesus and mouse orthologs.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Zika Virus Neuropathogenesis-Research and Understanding.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- In the Eyes of the Beholder-NewInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Anexelekto (AXL) no more: microRNA-155 (miR-155) controls the "Uncontrolled" in SARS-CoV-2.Human cell · 2024Review
- Article
- Role of TAM Receptors in Antimalarial Humoral Immune Response.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Therapeutic targeting of the functionally elusive TAM receptor family.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2024Review
82 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Upon activation by the ligands Gas6 and Protein S, Tyro3/Axl/Mer (TAM) receptor tyrosine kinases promote phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells and downregulate immune responses initiated by Toll-like receptors and type I interferons (IFNs). Many enveloped viruses display the phospholipid phosphatidylserine on their membranes, through which they bind Gas6 and Protein S and engage TAM receptors. We find that ligand-coated viruses activate TAM receptors on dendritic cells (DCs), dampen type I IFN signaling, and thereby evade host immunity and promote infection. Upon virus challenge, TAM-deficient DCs display type I IFN responses that are elevated in comparison to wild-type cells. As a consequence, TAM-deficient DCs are relatively resistant to infection by flaviviruses and pseudotyped retroviruses, but infection can be restored with neutralizing type I IFN antibodies. Correspondingly, a TAM kinase inhibitor antagonizes the infection of wild-type DCs. Thus, TAM receptors are engaged by viruses in order to attenuate type I IFN signaling and represent potential therapeutic targets.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.