ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2013
Evaluation of a typhoid/paratyphoid diagnostic assay (TPTest) detecting anti-Salmonella IgA in secretions of peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative accuracy of typhoid diagnostic tools: A Bayesian latent-class network analysis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2019Pooled it
- Rapid diagnostic tests for typhoid and paratyphoid (enteric) fever.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- A Meta-Analysis of Typhoid Diagnostic Accuracy Studies: A Recommendation to Adopt a Standardized Composite Reference.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Assembly and performance of a cholera RDT prototype that detects bothJournal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Association Among Household Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) Status and Typhoid Risk in Urban Slums: Prospective Cohort Study in Bangladesh.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2023Article
- Review
- Role of TaqMan array card in determining causative organisms of acute febrile illness in hospitalized patients.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- Comparative Analysis of Commercially Available Typhoid Point-of-Care Tests: Results of a Prospective and Hybrid Retrospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Kenya and Pakistan.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Understanding the Mechanism of Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenesis ofMicroorganisms · 2022Review
- Genetic diversity of Salmonella Paratyphi A isolated from enteric fever patients in Bangladesh from 2008 to 2018.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Genome-wide analysis provides a deeper understanding of the population structure of theMicrobial genomics · 2021Article
- Enteric Fever Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Directions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Case Report:The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2020Article
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Paratyphoid Fever: Opportunity of Surface Plasmon Resonance.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Evaluation of a Rapid Point-of-Care Multiplex Immunochromatographic Assay for the Diagnosis of Enteric Fever.mSphere · 2020Article
- Population structure and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Typhi isolates in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2004 to 2016.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Typhoid fever: Control & challenges in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2019Review
- Clinical Evaluation of a Multiplex PCR for the Detection ofThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2019Article
- Plasma Immunoglobulin A Responses Against 2 Salmonella Typhi Antigens Identify Patients With Typhoid Fever.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRapid and reliable diagnostic assays for enteric (typhoid and paratyphoid) fever are urgently needed. We report the characterization of novel approach utilizing lymphocyte secretions, for diagnosing patients with enteric fever by the TPTest procedure. METHODOLOGY: TPTest detects Salmonella-specific IgA responses in lymphocyte culture supernatant. We utilized TPTest in patients with suspected enteric fever, patients with other illnesses, and healthy controls. We also evaluated simplified modifications of TPTest for adaptation in laboratories with limited facilities and equipment. PRINCIPAL
findingsTPTest was positive in 39 (27 typhoid and 12 paratyphoid A) patients confirmed by blood culture and was negative in 74 healthy individuals. Among 32 individuals with other illnesses, 29 were negative by TPTest. Of 204 individuals with suspected enteric fever who were negative by blood culture, 44 were positive by TPTest and the patients were clinically indistinguishable from patients with confirmed bacteremia, except they were more likely to be under 5 years of age. We evaluated simplifications in TPTest, including showing that lymphocytes could be recovered using lysis buffer or buffy coat method as opposed to centrifugation, that incubation of cells at 37°C did not require supplemental CO2, and that results were available for majority of samples within 24 hours. Positive results by TPTest are transient and revert to negative during convalescence, supporting use of the test in endemic areas. The results can also be read using immunodot blot approach as opposed to ELISA. Since no true gold standard currently exists, we used a number of definitions of true positives and negatives. TPTest had sensitivity of 100% compared to blood culture, and specificity that ranged from 78-97% (73-100, 95% CI), depending on definition of true negative.
conclusionThe TPTest is useful for identification of patients with enteric fever in an endemic area, and additional development of simplified TPTest is warranted.
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