ArticlePloS one2013
Effect of HIV-1 subtypes on disease progression in rural Uganda: a prospective clinical cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Unique genetic signatures in HIV-1 subtype A1 and A1D recombinant envelope glycoprotein distinguish contemporary transmitted/founder viruses from historical strains in East Africa.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- The Proviral Reservoirs of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Increasing intra- and inter-subtype HIV diversity despite declining HIV incidence in Uganda.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Intra- and inter-subtype HIV diversity between 1994 and 2018 in southern Uganda: a longitudinal population-based study.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Genomic Detection of the Emerging, Highly Pathogenic HIV-1 Subtype D in Bahia, Northeast Brazil.Viruses · 2023Article
- Per-pathogen virulence of HIV-1 subtypes A, C and D.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- HIV-1 subtype diversity and immuno-virological outcomes among adolescents failing antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon: A cohort study.PloS one · 2023Article
- Infection with HIV-1 subtype D among acutely infected Ugandans is associated with higher median concentration of cytokines compared to subtype A.IJID regions · 2022Article
- Evolutionary modeling reveals enhanced mutational flexibility of HCV subtype 1b compared with 1a.iScience · 2022Article
- Subtype-specific differences in Gag-protease replication capacity of HIV-1 isolates from East and West Africa.Retrovirology · 2021Article
- HIV-1Viruses · 2021Article
- Differential Vpu-Mediated CD4 and Tetherin Downregulation Functions among Major HIV-1 Group M Subtypes.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Article
- HIV-1 Latency and Latency Reversal: Does Subtype Matter?Viruses · 2019Review
- Reconstruction of the Genetic History and the Current Spread of HIV-1 Subtype A in Germany.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Characterization of a large cluster of HIV-1 A1 infections detected in Portugal and connected to several Western European countries.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Nef-mediated inhibition of NFAT following TCR stimulation differs between HIV-1 subtypes.Virology · 2019Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe examined the association of HIV-1 subtypes with disease progression based on three viral gene regions.
designA prospective HIV-1 clinical cohort study in rural Uganda.
methodsPartial gag, env and pol genes were sequenced. Cox proportional hazard regression modelling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of progression to: CD4≤250, AIDS onset and death, adjusted for sex, age and CD4 count at enrolment.
resultsBetween 1990 and 2010, 292 incident cases were subtyped: 25% had subtype A, 45% had D, 26% had A/D recombinants, 1% had C and 4% were other recombinant forms. Of the 278 incident cases included in the disease progression analysis, 62% progressed to CD4≤250, 32% to AIDS, and 34% died with a higher proportion being among subtype D cases. The proportions of individuals progressing to the three endpoints were significantly higher among individuals infected with subtype D. Throughout the study period, individuals infected with subtype D progressed faster to CD4≤250, adjusted HR (aHR), (95% CI) = 1.72 (1.16-2.54), but this was mainly due to events in the period before antiretroviral therapy (ART) introduction, when individuals infected with subtype D significantly progressed faster to CD4≤250 than subtype A cases; aHR (95% CI) = 1.78 (1.01-3.14).
conclusionsIn this population, HIV-1 subtype D was the most prevalent and was associated with faster HIV-1 disease progression than subtype A. Further studies are needed to examine the effect of HIV-1 subtypes on disease progression in the ART period and their effect on the virological and immunological ART outcomes.
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