ArticlePloS one2013
Airborne detection and quantification of swine influenza a virus in air samples collected inside, outside and downwind from swine barns.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 99 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mechanistic Models of Influenza Transmission in Commercial Swine Populations: A Systematic Review.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Pooled it
- Epidemiological features of influenza circulation in swine populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Optimization of environmental air sampling for viral metagenomics in a cave-roosting bat assemblage.One health outlook · 2026Article
- Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple possible sources of H5N1 influenza virus transmission.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Epidemiology of Influenza A virus in Swiss pig herds: subclinical circulation and associated risk factors.Porcine health management · 2026Article
- Influenza A virus infection dynamics in two sow herds and effects of interventions.Porcine health management · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and Risk Modelling of Influenza A Virus Within and Between Pig Herds in Northern Lao PDR.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Microbial Aerosols in Livestock Farming Environment: A Threat That Cannot Be Ignored.Veterinary sciences · 2025Review
- Active surveillance for influenza A virus in swine reveals within-farm reassortment and cocirculation of distinct subtypes and genetic clades.Veterinary microbiology · 2025Article
- Size distribution and viral RNA load of influenza virus-laden airborne particles emitted from pigs over the course of an H1N1 infection.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Surveillance on California dairy farms reveals multiple sources of H5N1 transmission.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Detection of a Reassortant Swine- and Human-Origin H3N2 Influenza A Virus in Farmed Mink in British Columbia, Canada.Zoonoses and public health · 2025Article
- Evaluation of an electrostatic precipitator in mitigating the transmission of airborne viruses in experimentally infected pigs.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Emerging threats of HPAI H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in swine: knowledge gaps and the imperative for a One Health approach.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Review
- Article
- Spatial patterns of influenza A virus spread across compartments in commercial swine farms in the United States.Emerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeted genomic sequencing of avian influenza viruses in wetland sediment from wild bird habitats.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
- Exploring the utility of bioaerosol metagenomics compared to PCRs for swine pathogen surveillance.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2024Article
- Airborne transmission of common swine viruses.Porcine health management · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Airborne transmission of influenza A virus (IAV) in swine is speculated to be an important route of virus dissemination, but data are scarce. This study attempted to detect and quantify airborne IAV by virus isolation and RRT-PCR in air samples collected under field conditions. This was accomplished by collecting air samples from four acutely infected pig farms and locating air samplers inside the barns, at the external exhaust fans and downwind from the farms at distances up to 2.1 km. IAV was detected in air samples collected in 3 out of 4 farms included in the study. Isolation of IAV was possible from air samples collected inside the barn at two of the farms and in one farm from the exhausted air. Between 13% and 100% of samples collected inside the barns tested RRT-PCR positive with an average viral load of 3.20E+05 IAV RNA copies/m³ of air. Percentage of exhaust positive air samples also ranged between 13% and 100% with an average viral load of 1.79E+04 RNA copies/m³ of air. Influenza virus RNA was detected in air samples collected between 1.5 and 2.1 Km away from the farms with viral levels significantly lower at 4.65E+03 RNA copies/m³. H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 subtypes were detected in the air samples and the hemagglutinin gene sequences identified in the swine samples matched those in aerosols providing evidence that the viruses detected in the aerosols originated from the pigs in the farms under study. Overall our results indicate that pigs can be a source of IAV infectious aerosols and that these aerosols can be exhausted from pig barns and be transported downwind. The results from this study provide evidence of the risk of aerosol transmission in pigs under field conditions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.