SynthesisPloS one2013
Sexually transmitted infections among heterosexual male clients of female sex workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and associated factors of syphilis among female sex workers in East Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- The burden of HIV infection among men who purchase sex in low- and middle-income countries - a systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Sustained high prevalence of viral hepatitis and sexually transmissible infections among female sex workers in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Risk behaviours among female sex workers in China: a systematic review and data synthesis.PloS one · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Distribution of reported syphilis cases in South China: spatiotemporal analysis.Scientific reports · 2018Trial
- Prioritising place-based strategies for sexually transmitted and blood-borne infection prevention: protocol for theBMJ open · 2026Article
- A Confounding Discourse Analysis of Vietnamese Sex Workers' Talk in the City of Kaiyuan, China.Archives of sexual behavior · 2023Article
- Sexually Transmitted Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Male Clients of Sex Workers: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Project in Antwerp, Belgium.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2022Article
- HIV non-occupational post-exposure prophylaxis (nPEP) awareness and promotion among five key populations in China: A cross-sectional study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2021Article
- HIV-positive clients of female sex workers in Hunan Province, China: a mixed methods study assessing sexual relationships and risk behavior by type of partner.BMC public health · 2019Article
- HIV prevalence and correlated factors among male clients of female sex workers in a border region of China.PloS one · 2019Article
- Proven prevention tools for addressing STI epidemics.Israel journal of health policy research · 2018Article
- Perceptions of Determinants of Condom Use Behaviors Among Male Clients of Female Sex Workers in Indonesia: A Qualitative Inquiry.American journal of men's health · 2018Article
- Societal determinants of HIV vulnerability among clients of female commercial sex workers in Indonesia.PloS one · 2018Article
- Syphilis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2017Review
- Exchange Sex and HIV Infection Among Women Who Inject Drugs-20 US Cities, 2009.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Viral hepatitis in female sex workers using the Respondent-Driven Sampling.Revista de saude publica · 2017Article
- Disparities in HIV and syphilis prevalence and risk factors between older male clients with and without steady sex partners in southwestern rural China.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFemale sex workers have been the target of numerous sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention strategies in China, but their male clients have attracted considerably less public health attention and resources. We sought to systematically assess the prevalence of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia among heterosexual male clients of female sex workers in China. METHODS/PRINCIPAL
findingsOriginal research manuscripts were identified by searching Chinese and English language databases, and 37 studies analyzing 26,552 male clients were included in the review. Client STI prevalence across studies was heterogeneous. Pooled prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals were 0.68% (0.36-1.28%) for HIV, 2.91% (2.17-3.89%) for syphilis, 2.16% (1.46-3.17%) for gonorrhea, and 8.01% (4.94-12.72%) for chlamydia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The pooled prevalence estimates of HIV, syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia among clients in this review exceed the prevalences previously reported among population-representative samples and low-risk groups in China. However, heterogeneity across studies and sampling limitations prevent definitive conclusions about how the prevalence of STIs in this population compares to the general population. These findings suggest a need for greater attention to clients' sexual risk and disease prevalence in China's STI research agenda in order to inform effective prevention policies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.