ArticlePloS one2013
CMV-independent lysis of glioblastoma by ex vivo expanded/activated Vδ1+ γδ T cells.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disrupting the balance between activating and inhibitory receptors of γδT cells for effective cancer immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2025Review
- Immune tumoral microenvironment in gliomas: focus on CD3Immunologic research · 2022Article
- The protective role of tissue-resident interleukin 17A-producing gamma delta T cells in MycobacteriumFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Review
- Gamma Delta T Cells and Their Pathogenic Role in Psoriasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Cancer immunotherapy with γδ T cells: many paths ahead of us.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2020Review
- Heterogeneity of Human γδ T Cells and Their Role in Cancer Immunity.Immune network · 2020Review
- The Dual Roles of Human γδ T Cells: Anti-Tumor or Tumor-Promoting.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Universal Ready-to-Use Immunotherapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Cancer: Expanded and Activated Polyclonal γδ Memory T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Systemic β-Adrenergic Receptor Activation Augments theFrontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Molecular Determinants of Target Cell Recognition by Human γδ T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Valnoctamide Inhibits Cytomegalovirus Infection in Developing Brain and Attenuates Neurobehavioral Dysfunctions and Brain Abnormalities.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Vaccine-based immunotherapeutic approaches to gliomas and beyond.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2017Review
- Human γδ T cells are quickly reconstituted after stem-cell transplantation and show adaptive clonal expansion in response to viral infection.Nature immunology · 2017Article
- Human γδT-cell subsets and their involvement in tumor immunity.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2017Review
- Evaluation of JC and Cytomegalo Viruses in Glioblastoma TissueAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2016Article
- The promise of γδ T cells and the γδ T cell receptor for cancer immunotherapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2015Review
- Article
- γδ T Cell Immunotherapy-A Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Review
- Activating and propagating polyclonal gamma delta T cells with broad specificity for malignancies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Vδ2(neg) γδ T cells, of which Vδ1+ γδ T cells are by far the largest subset, are important effectors against CMV infection. Malignant gliomas often contain CMV genetic material and proteins, and evidence exists that CMV infection may be associated with initiation and/or progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We sought to determine if Vδ1+ γδ T cells were cytotoxic to GBM and the extent to which their cytotoxicity was CMV dependent. We examined the cytotoxic effect of ex vivo expanded/activated Vδ1+ γδ T cells from healthy CMV seropositive and CMV seronegative donors on unmanipulated and CMV-infected established GBM cell lines and cell lines developed from short- term culture of primary tumors. Expanded/activated Vδ1+ T cells killed CMV-negative U251, U87, and U373 GBM cell lines and two primary tumor explants regardless of the serologic status of the donor. Experimental CMV infection did not increase Vδ1+ T cell--mediated cytotoxicity and in some cases the cell lines were more resistant to lysis when infected with CMV. Flow cytometry analysis of CMV-infected cell lines revealed down-regulation of the NKG2D ligands ULBP-2, and ULBP-3 as well as MICA/B in CMV-infected cells. These studies show that ex vivo expanded/activated Vδ1+ γδ T cells readily recognize and kill established GBM cell lines and primary tumor-derived GBM cells regardless of whether CMV infection is present, however, CMV may enhance the resistance GBM cell lines to innate recognition possibly contributing to the poor immunogenicity of GBM.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.