Trial reportPloS one2013
Non-smoking male adolescents' reactions to cigarette warnings.
Trial report in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the perceptions of adolescents on graphic health warnings and plain packaging of cigarettes.Systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Measures Used in Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warning Experiments.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Pooled it
- Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies.Tobacco control · 2016Pooled it
- Perceptions of plain packaging and health warnings among university students in Turkey: a survey-based experiment.BMC public health · 2023Trial
- The role of negative affect and message credibility in perceived effectiveness of smokeless tobacco health warning labels in Navi Mumbai, India and Dhaka, Bangladesh: A moderated-mediation analysis.Addictive behaviors · 2017Trial
- Adolescents' Responses to Pictorial Warnings on Their Parents' Cigarette Packs.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Impact of Visual Elements of Tobacco Packaging on Health Risk Perceptions of Youth Groups.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Tobacco smoking habits and nicotine dependence among the college students of University of Delhi, India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Article
- Effectiveness of warning graphic labels on cigarette packs in enhancing late-teenagers' perceived fear of smoking-related harms in Bangkok, Thailand.Journal of public health research · 2021Article
- Perceived efficacy of existing waterpipe tobacco warning labels versus novel enhanced generic and waterpipe-specific sets.PloS one · 2021Article
- Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Increase Some Risk Appraisals But Not Risk Beliefs: A Meta-Analysis.Human communication research · 2020Article
- Impact of tobacco-pack pictorial warnings on youth and young adults: A systematic review of experimental studies.Tobacco induced diseases · 2019Review
- Perceived effectiveness of pictorial health warnings on changes in smoking behaviour in Asia: a literature review.BMC public health · 2018Review
- Placing Health Warnings on E-Cigarettes: A Standardized Protocol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Do pictorial health warnings on waterpipe tobacco packs matter? Recall effectiveness among Egyptian waterpipe smokers & non-smokers.PloS one · 2018Article
- The Importance of Relevant Emotional Arousal in the Efficacy of Pictorial Health Warnings for Cigarettes.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2017Article
- The Age-related Positivity Effect and Tobacco Warning Labels.Tobacco regulatory science · 2016Article
- Testing warning messages on smokers' cigarette packages: a standardised protocol.Tobacco control · 2016Article
- FDA cigarette warning labels lower craving and elicit frontoinsular activation in adolescent smokers.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is working to introduce new graphic warning labels for cigarette packages, the first change in cigarette warnings in more than 25 years. We sought to examine whether warnings discouraged participants from wanting to smoke and altered perceived likelihood of harms among adolescent males and whether these warning effects varied by age.
methodsA national sample of 386 non-smoking American males ages 11-17 participated in an online experiment during fall 2010. We randomly assigned participants to view warnings using a 2 × 2 between-subjects design. The warnings described a harm of smoking (addiction or lung cancer) using text only or text plus an image used on European cigarette package warnings. Analyses tested whether age moderated the warnings' impact on risk perceptions and smoking motivations.
resultsThe warnings discouraged most adolescents from wanting to smoke, but lung cancer warnings discouraged them more than addiction warnings did (60% vs. 34% were "very much" discouraged, p<.001). Including an image had no effect on discouragement. The warnings affected several beliefs about the harms from smoking, and age moderated these effects. Adolescents said addiction was easier to imagine and more likely to happen to them than lung cancer. They also believed that their true likelihood of experiencing any harm was lower than what an expert would say.
conclusionsOur findings suggest that warnings focusing on lung cancer, rather than addiction, are more likely to discourage wanting to smoke among adolescent males and enhance their ability to imagine the harmful consequences of smoking. Including images on warnings had little effect on non-smoking male adolescents' discouragement or beliefs, though additional research on the effects of pictorial warnings for this at-risk population is needed as the FDA moves forward with developing new graphic labels.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.