ArticlePLoS pathogens2013
The extracellular matrix Component Psl provides fast-acting antibiotic defense in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 174 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
174 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- In Silico Approaches Targeting Quorum-Sensing Inhibition inMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Antimicrobial Tolerance in Biofilms.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Pooled it
- Anthranilate ReducesAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacteriophage therapy for antimicrobial-resistant, biofilm‑associated diabetic foot infection: delivery routes, phage antibiotic synergy, and practical wound‑care integration.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Antibiotic exposure and recovery of persister states influence virulence phenotypes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Archives of microbiology · 2026Article
- Role of cell-associated and secretion-independent virulence factors of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis and anti-virulence therapeutic strategies.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Glycoside hydrolases enhance antibiotic activity againstMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Research Progress on the Interaction Mechanism BetweenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Nano-Enabled Delivery of Phage-Based Antibacterials Against ESKAPE Pathogens.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- UnderstandingMicroorganisms · 2026Review
- Biofilm structure as a key factor in antibiotic tolerance: insights from Bacillus subtilis model systems.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Article
- Biofilm and Outer Membrane Vesicle Formation in ESKAPE Gram-Negative Bacteria: A Comprehensive Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Multiple Strategies for the Application of Medicinal Plant-Derived Bioactive Compounds in Controlling Microbial Biofilm and Virulence Properties.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Impact of mixed Staphylococcus aureus-Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm on susceptibility to antimicrobial treatments in a 3D in vitro model.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- The role of exopolysaccharides Psl and Pel in resistance ofMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
114 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria within biofilms secrete and surround themselves with an extracellular matrix, which serves as a first line of defense against antibiotic attack. Polysaccharides constitute major elements of the biofilm matrix and are implied in surface adhesion and biofilm organization, but their contributions to the resistance properties of biofilms remain largely elusive. Using a combination of static and continuous-flow biofilm experiments we show that Psl, one major polysaccharide in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm matrix, provides a generic first line of defense toward antibiotics with diverse biochemical properties during the initial stages of biofilm development. Furthermore, we show with mixed-strain experiments that antibiotic-sensitive "non-producing" cells lacking Psl can gain tolerance by integrating into Psl-containing biofilms. However, non-producers dilute the protective capacity of the matrix and hence, excessive incorporation can result in the collapse of resistance of the entire community. Our data also reveal that Psl mediated protection is extendible to E. coli and S. aureus in co-culture biofilms. Together, our study shows that Psl represents a critical first bottleneck to the antibiotic attack of a biofilm community early in biofilm development.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.