ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2013
Cleavage of fibrinogen by proteinases elicits allergic responses through Toll-like receptor 4.
Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 219 citations in OpenAlex.
- Roles of Exosomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Fungi in Asthma: From Epidemiology and Airway Mycobiome to Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Allergenic Phytopathogens.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Fibrinogen and lipopolysaccharide promote TLR4-dependent glucocorticoid resistance in airway mycosis-driven allergic airway disease.Mucosal immunology · 2026Article
- Epidermal PPARγ Signaling as a Suppressor of Toll-like Receptor-Mediated Inflammation and Fibrosis: Relevance to Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- ER-resident CCDC134 safeguards TLR4 maturation by maintaining gp96 stability.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Anti-IL-4Rα aptamer reduces IL-4 signalling and formation of nasal polyps.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- The Blood-prostate Barrier: An Obstacle to Drug Delivery into the Prostate.Current drug delivery · 2025Review
- Research on the regulation of gut microbiota homeostasis and immune function in asthmatic mice by Huanglong Zhixiao Formula.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Epithelial-immune interactions govern type 2 immunity at barrier surfaces.Current opinion in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Inhibition of colorectal cancer in Alzheimer's disease is mediated by gut microbiota via induction of inflammatory tolerance.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The New Paradigm: The Role of Proteins and Triggers in the Evolution of Allergic Asthma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Airborne indoor allergen serine proteases and their contribution to sensitisation and activation of innate immunity in allergic airway disease.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Fibrinogen and tumors.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Review
- Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis and Pathogenic Role of Protease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Toll-like receptor 4 and CD11b expressed on microglia coordinate eradication of Candida albicans cerebral mycosis.Cell reports · 2023Article
- A Multilayered Imaging and Microfluidics Approach for Evaluating the Effect of Fibrinolysis inPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Novel mechanistic insights underlying fungal allergic inflammation.PLoS pathogens · 2023Review
- Review
- Immunity to fungi in the lung.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Proteinases and the innate immune receptor Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) are essential for expression of allergic inflammation and diseases such as asthma. A mechanism that links these inflammatory mediators is essential for explaining the fundamental basis of allergic disease but has been elusive. Here, we demonstrate that TLR4 is activated by airway proteinase activity to initiate both allergic airway disease and antifungal immunity. These outcomes were induced by proteinase cleavage of the clotting protein fibrinogen, yielding fibrinogen cleavage products that acted as TLR4 ligands on airway epithelial cells and macrophages. Thus, allergic airway inflammation represents an antifungal defensive strategy that is driven by fibrinogen cleavage and TLR4 activation. These findings clarify the molecular basis of allergic disease and suggest new therapeutic strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.