ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2013
Human milk hyaluronan enhances innate defense of the intestinal epithelium.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02867605 (Human Pilot Study - HA35), which is not on this map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Human Pilot Study - HA35 (Hyaluronan Molecular Weight 35) Dietary Supplement for Promoting Intestinal Health
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Metabolic fate of milk glycosaminoglycans in breastfed and formula fed newborns.Glycoconjugate journal · 2016Trial
- Maternal Gestational Hypertension Is Associated with Reduced TSG-6 in Human Milk: Potential Implications for Neonatal Immunological Support.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Temporal changes in hyaluronan concentrations in preterm human milk.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Hyaluronan 35 prevents endotoxin-mediated dysregulated skeletal muscle proteostasis during ethanol exposure.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Impact of Diet and Maternal Obesity on Human Milk Hyaluronan.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
- 35k Da specific-sized hyaluronan ameliorates high-fat diet-induced liver injury in murine model of moderate obesity.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2025Article
- Size-dependent aggregation of erythrocytes by low molecular weight hyaluronic acids of different sizes: bioactivity and quality control potential.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
- Network-Based Bioinformatics Highlights Broad Importance of Human Milk Hyaluronan.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Application of Fetal Membranes and Natural Materials for Wound and Tissue Repair.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Evolutionary bridges: how factors present in amniotic fluid and human milk help mature the gut.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Review
- New Findings in Prominent Lower Eyelid Fat Pads Possibly Contributing to Their Etiology: Two Prospective Studies.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2024Article
- Hyperglycemic environments directly compromise intestinal epithelial barrier function in an organoid model and hyaluronan (∼35 kDa) protects via a layilin dependent mechanism.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2024Article
- Endogenous Hyaluronan Promotes Intestinal Homeostasis and Protects against Murine Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Cells · 2024Article
- Characterization, Bioactivity, and Biodistribution of 35 kDa Hyaluronan Fragment.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Gastroprotective Effects of Oral Glycosaminoglycans with Sodium Alginate in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Model in Rats.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- TSG6 hyaluronan matrix remodeling dampens the inflammatory response during colitis.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2023Article
- Impact of neonatal nutrition on necrotizing enterocolitis.Seminars in pediatric surgery · 2023Review
- Over Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Marker CD44 and Its Clinical Significance in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery : official publication of the Association of Otolaryngologists of India · 2023Article
- Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the 35kDa Hyaluronic Acid Fragment (B-HA/HA35).Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Breast-feeding is associated with enhanced protection from gastrointestinal disease in infants, mediated in part by an array of bioactive glycan components in milk that act through molecular mechanisms to inhibit enteric pathogen infection. Human milk contains hyaluronan (HA), a glycosaminoglycan polymer found in virtually all mammalian tissues. We have shown that synthetic HA of a specific size range promotes expression of antimicrobial peptides in intestinal epithelium. We hypothesize that hyaluronan from human milk also enhances innate antimicrobial defense. Here we define the concentration of HA in human milk during the first 6 months postpartum. Importantly, HA isolated from milk has a biological function. Treatment of HT-29 colonic epithelial cells with human milk HA at physiologic concentrations results in time- and dose-dependent induction of the antimicrobial peptide human β-defensin 2 and is abrogated by digestion of milk HA with a specific hyaluronidase. Milk HA induction of human β-defensin 2 expression is also reduced in the presence of a CD44-blocking antibody and is associated with a specific increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation, suggesting a role for the HA receptor CD44. Furthermore, oral administration of human milk-derived HA to adult, wild-type mice results in induction of the murine Hβ D2 ortholog in intestinal mucosa and is dependent upon both TLR4 and CD44 in vivo. Finally, treatment of cultured colonic epithelial cells with human milk HA enhances resistance to infection by the enteric pathogen Salmonella typhimurium. Together, our observations suggest that maternally provided HA stimulates protective antimicrobial defense in the newborn.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.