ArticlePharmaceutical research2014
In vivo fluorescence imaging of IgG1 aggregates after subcutaneous and intravenous injection in mice.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lymphatic immunomodulation using engineered drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Utility of anLab on a chip · 2025Article
- Highly variable aggregation and glycosylation profiles and their roles in immunogenicity to protein-based therapeutics.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Unraveling the Effects of Filtration, Process Interruptions, and Post-Process Agitation on Protein Aggregation.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Glycosylation shapes the efficacy and safety of diverse protein, gene and cell therapies.Biotechnology advances · 2023Review
- Aggregation of protein therapeutics enhances their immunogenicity: causes and mitigation strategies.RSC chemical biology · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of sterile inflammation after intravitreal injection of antiangiogenic drugs: a narrative review.International journal of retina and vitreous · 2021Review
- Immunogenicity Challenges Associated with Subcutaneous Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2021Review
- Subcutaneous Site-of-Absorption Study with the Monoclonal Antibody Tocilizumab in Minipigs: Administration Behind Ear Translates Best to Humans.The AAPS journal · 2020Article
- Electron microscopy-based semi-automated characterization of aggregation in monoclonal antibody products.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2020Article
- Progress and opportunities for enhancing the delivery and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2017Review
- Article
- Mouse Models for Assessing Protein Immunogenicity: Lessons and Challenges.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2016Review
- Silicone Oil Microdroplets Can Induce Antibody Responses Against Recombinant Murine Growth Hormone in Mice.Journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2016Article
- Investigation of the immunogenicity of different types of aggregates of a murine monoclonal antibody in mice.Pharmaceutical research · 2015Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo monitor the biodistribution of IgG1 aggregates upon subcutaneous (SC) and intravenous (IV) administration in mice and measure their propensity to stimulate an early immune response.
methodsA human mAb (IgG1) was fluorescently labeled, aggregated by agitation stress and injected in SKH1 mice through SC and IV routes. The biodistribution of monomeric and aggregated formulations was monitored over 47 days by fluorescence imaging and the early immune response was measured by quantifying the level of relevant cytokines in serum using a Bio-plex assay.
resultsThe aggregates remained at the SC injection site for a longer time than monomers but after entry into the systemic circulation disappeared faster than monomers. Upon IV administration, both monomers and aggregates spread rapidly throughout the circulation, and a strong accumulation in the liver was observed for both species. Subsequent removal from the circulation was faster for aggregates than monomers. No accumulation in lymph nodes was observed after SC or IV administration. Administration of monomers and aggregates induced similar cytokine levels, but SC injection resulted in higher cytokine levels than IV administration.
conclusionThese results show differences in biodistribution and residence time between IgG1 aggregates and monomers. The long residence time of aggregates at the SC injection site, in conjunction with elevated cytokine levels, may contribute to an enhanced immunogenicity risk of SC injected aggregates compared to that of monomers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.