ArticleNeuroimmunomodulation2013
Olfactory bulb and hypothalamic acute-phase responses to influenza virus: effects of immunization.
Article in Neuroimmunomodulation, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Olfactory immunology: the missing piece in airway and CNS defence.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Olfactory dysfunction and the role of stem cells in the regeneration of olfactory neurons.Heliyon · 2024Review
- From intramuscular to nasal: unleashing the potential of nasal spray vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019.Clinical & translational immunology · 2024Review
- Molecular consequences of peripheral Influenza A infection on cell populations in the murine hypothalamus.eLife · 2023Article
- Neuroinflammation, Sleep, and Circadian Rhythms.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Review
- Interleukin 37 expression in mice alters sleep responses to inflammatory agents and influenza virus infection.Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms · 2017Article
- Functions and Mechanisms of Sleep.AIMS neuroscience · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWithin hours of intranasal challenge, mouse-adapted H1N1 A/Puerto Rico/8/34 (PR8) influenza genomic RNA is found in the olfactory bulb (OB) and OB pro-inflammatory cytokines are up-regulated. Severing the olfactory tract delays the acute-phase response (APR) and the APR is attenuated by immunization.
objectivesTo determine if immunization affects OB localization of influenza or the molecular brain mechanisms regulating APR.
methodsMale mice were immunized with PR8 influenza, then OB viral RNA, APR, and influenza-related cytokine responses were determined after homologous viral challenge.
resultsImmunization did not prevent influenza OB viral invasion within 24 h of viral challenge. However, it greatly attenuated OB viral RNA 6 days after viral challenge and the APR including hypothermia and body weight loss responses. Within the OB, 24 h after influenza challenge, prior immunization blocked virus-induced up-regulation of toll-like receptor 7 and interferon (IFN) γ mRNAs. At this time, hypothalamic (HT) growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor and tumor necrosis factor-α mRNAs were greatly enhanced in immunized but not in positive control mice. By 6 days after viral challenge, OB and HT mRNAs returned towards baseline values. In the lung, mRNA up-regulation was greater than that in the brain and maximized 6 days after challenge. Lung IFNγ mRNA decreased at 24 h but increased 6 days after challenge in the positive compared to negative controls. Immunization prevented the up-regulation of most of the flu-related mRNAs measured in lungs.
conclusionCollectively, these data suggest a role for OB and HT involvement in immunization protection against influenza infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.