ReviewImmunological reviews2013
Virus infection, antiviral immunity, and autoimmunity.
Review in Immunological reviews, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 177 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
177 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 296 citations in OpenAlex.
- Possible temporal relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infection and anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis: a meta-analysis.Translational psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Viral metagenomic analysis of the blood virome in patients with multiple autoimmune diseases.Virology journal · 2026Article
- Immune dysregulation in mania: A proof-of-concept platelet proteomics study.Psychiatry and clinical neurosciences · 2026Article
- Co-occurrence of viral encephalitis and autoimmune encephalitis: overlapping peaks encephalitis or coincidence condition?BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Pathogenic IgG from long COVID patients with neurological sequelae triggers sensitive but not cognitive impairments upon transfer into mice.Acta neuropathologica · 2026Article
- Dissecting the genetic relationship between severe mental disorders and autoimmune diseases.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Childhood-Onset Takayasu Arteritis With Extensive Vascular Involvement: A Four-Decade Follow-Up Case Report.Case reports in rheumatology · 2026Article
- Permanent hypoparathyroidism following SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report with two-year follow-up and literature review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Association between coronavirus disease 2019 and new-onset autoimmune diseases during the early phase of the pandemic.PloS one · 2026Article
- HE4: a potential diagnostic biomarker in autoimmune diseases.Central-European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Investigation of Epstein-Barr virus coinfection and changes in the gene expression of angiotensin converting enzyme II in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in COVID-19 patients.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2025Article
- A Comparative Study of Virucidal and Virustatic Multivalent Entry Inhibitors.The journal of physical chemistry. B · 2025Article
- Vientovirus capsid protein mimics autoantigens and contributes to autoimmunity in Sjögren's disease.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Interplay between fungal infections and autoimmunity: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.EMBO molecular medicine · 2025Review
- Neural autoantibodies in psychiatric disorders are associated with antibodies against viral pathogens: a retrospective study of 619 patients.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025Article
- Review
- Article
- Children who develop celiac disease are predicted to exhibit distinct metabolic pathways among their gut microbiota years before diagnosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Differential roles of human CD4Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Recent clinical and mechanistic insights into vitiligo offer new treatment options for cell-specific autoimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Review
117 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As a group of disorders, autoimmunity ranks as the third most prevalent cause of morbidity and mortality in the Western World. However, the etiology of most autoimmune diseases remains unknown. Although genetic linkage studies support a critical underlying role for genetics, the geographic distribution of these disorders as well as the low concordance rates in monozygotic twins suggest that a combination of other factors including environmental ones are involved. Virus infection is a primary factor that has been implicated in the initiation of autoimmune disease. Infection triggers a robust and usually well-coordinated immune response that is critical for viral clearance. However, in some instances, immune regulatory mechanisms may falter, culminating in the breakdown of self-tolerance, resulting in immune-mediated attack directed against both viral and self-antigens. Traditionally, cross-reactive T-cell recognition, known as molecular mimicry, as well as bystander T-cell activation, culminating in epitope spreading, have been the predominant mechanisms elucidated through which infection may culminate in an T-cell-mediated autoimmune response. However, other hypotheses including virus-induced decoy of the immune system also warrant discussion in regard to their potential for triggering autoimmunity. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which virus infection and antiviral immunity contribute to the development of autoimmunity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.