Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2014
A double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of varenicline for smokeless tobacco dependence in India.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of pharmacological intervention for smokeless tobacco cessation in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Smokeless tobacco cessation interventions: A systematic review.The Indian journal of medical research · 2018Pooled it
- Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Varenicline and Adverse Cardiovascular Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2016Pooled it
- Interventions for smokeless tobacco use cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Evaluating the Effects of Varenicline on Craving, Withdrawal, and Affect in a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Varenicline for Smokeless Tobacco Dependence in India.Journal of psychoactive drugsTrial
- Biochemical Validation of Self-Reported Smokeless Tobacco Abstinence among Smokeless Tobacco Users: Results from a Clinical Trial of Varenicline in India.Journal of psychoactive drugsTrial
- Article
- Trend and determinants of tobacco use among Indian males over a 22-year period (1998-2021) using nationally representative data.PloS one · 2024Article
- Bayesian regularization to predict neuropsychiatric adverse events in smoking cessation with pharmacotherapy.BMC medical research methodology · 2023Article
- Social desirability and under-reporting of smokeless tobacco use among reproductive age women: Evidence from National Family Health Survey.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Behavioural support and nicotine replacement therapy for smokeless tobacco cessation: protocol for a pilot randomised-controlled multi-country trial.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Challenges in Indian Women’s Readiness to Quit Smokeless Tobacco UseAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Article
- A Policy Perspective on the Global Use of Smokeless Tobacco.Current addiction reports · 2017Review
- Tobacco Cessation Treatment Pathways for Patients With Cancer: 10 Years in the Making.Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN · 2016Review
- Smoking cessation in Asians: focus on varenicline.Patient preference and adherence · 2015Review
- Dental Procedures, Oral Practices, and Associated Anxiety: A Study on Late-teenagers.Osong public health and research perspectives · 2014Article
- Role of nicotine receptor partial agonists in tobacco cessation.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe rate of smokeless tobacco use in India is 20%; its use causes serious health problems, and no trial has assessed behavioral or pharmacological treatments for this public health concern. This trial evaluated varenicline for treating smokeless tobacco dependence in India.
methodsThis was a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial of varenicline (12 weeks, 1mg, twice per day) with 237 smokeless tobacco users in India. All participants received behavioral counseling. Outcomes included self-reported and biochemically verified abstinence at the end of treatment (EOT), lapse and recovery events, safety, and medication adherence.
resultsSelf-reported EOT abstinence was significantly greater for varenicline (43%) versus placebo (31%; adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.6, 95% CI = 1.2-4.2, p = .009). Biochemically confirmed EOT abstinence was greater for varenicline versus placebo (25.2% vs. 19.5%), but this was not statistically different (AOR = 1.6, 95% CI = 0.84-3.1, p = .15). Compared with placebo, varenicline did not reduce the risk for a lapse (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.69-1.1, p = .14), but it did increase the likelihood of recovery to abstinence (HR = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.02-1.4, p = .02). Greater adherence increased EOT cessation rates for varenicline (39% vs. 18%, p = .003) but not for placebo (28% vs. 14%, p = .06). There were no significant differences between varenicline and placebo in rate of side effects, serious adverse events, hypertension, or stopping or reducing medication.
conclusionsVarenicline is safe for treating smokeless tobacco dependence in India, and further examination of this medication for this important public health problem is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.