ArticleScience translational medicine2013
Neutralizing antibodies against previously encountered influenza virus strains increase over time: a longitudinal analysis.
Article in Science translational medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 146 papers.
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Who cites it
146 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterization of functional antibody and memory B-cell responses to pH1N1 monovalent vaccine in HIV-infected children and youth.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Potential antigenic explanation for atypical H1N1 infections among middle-aged adults during the 2013-2014 influenza season.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2014Trial
- Circulating CXCR5+PD-1+ response predicts influenza vaccine antibody responses in young adults but not elderly adults.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Polyclonal breast milk-derived secretory IgA confers broad antiviral protection against multiple respiratory viruses.Science advances · 2026Article
- Birth Cohort Effects in Adults Associated With Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Vaccine Effectiveness.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- What Antibody Repertoires See: Structural and Immunogenetic Insights Into Influenza A Virus Hemagglutinin Recognition.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Longitudinal assessment of functional antibodies to a novel influenza virus strain across age groups.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Germinal center-independent memory B cells provide rapid protection from lethal influenza challenges.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- High-dose influenza vaccine augments serological and cellular immunity of older people with HIV.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Childhood immune imprinting shapes cohort and period influenza mortality.Science advances · 2026Article
- Demographic and genetic factors shape the epitope specificity of the human antibody repertoire against viruses.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- The Decline in Influenza Antibody Titers and Modifiers of Vaccine Immunity from over Ten Years of Serological Data.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- High-throughput neutralization measurements correlate strongly with evolutionary success of human influenza strains.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Vaccination against influenza viruses annually: Renewing or narrowing the protective shield?The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Assessment of the prevalence of respiratory pathogens and the level of immunity to respiratory viruses in soldiers and civilian military employees in Poland.Respiratory research · 2025Article
- Factors determining the outcomes of immune imprinting after repeated orthoflavivirus infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Immune imprinting: The persisting influence of the first antigenic encounter with rapidly evolving viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Antigenic drift and subtype interference shape A(H3N2) epidemic dynamics in the United States.eLife · 2024Article
86 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antigenic diversity shapes immunity in distinct and unexpected ways. This is particularly true of the humoral response generated against influenza A viruses. Although it is known that immunological memory developed against previously encountered influenza A virus strains affects the outcome of subsequent infections, exactly how sequential exposures to antigenically variant viruses shape the humoral immune response in humans remains poorly understood. To address this important question, we performed a longitudinal analysis of antibody titers against various pandemic and seasonal strains of influenza virus spanning a 20-year period (1987 to 2008) with samples from 40 individuals (birth dates, 1917 to 1952) obtained from the Framingham Heart Study. Longitudinal increases in neutralizing antibody titers were observed against previously encountered pandemic H2N2, H3N2, and H1N1 influenza A virus strains. Antibody titers against seasonal strains encountered later in life also increased longitudinally at a rate similar to that against their pandemic predecessors. Titers of cross-reactive antibodies specific to the hemagglutinin stalk domain were also investigated because they are influenced by exposure to antigenically diverse influenza A viruses. These titers rose modestly over time, even in the absence of major antigenic shifts. No sustained increase in neutralizing antibody titers against an antigenically more stable virus (human cytomegalovirus) was observed. The results herein describe a role for antigenic variation in shaping the humoral immune compartment and provide a rational basis for the hierarchical nature of antibody titers against influenza A viruses in humans.
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