Trial reportSocial cognitive and affective neuroscience2014
Cortisol modifies extinction learning of recently acquired fear in men.
Trial report in Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between brain activity and endogenous and exogenous cortisol - A systematic review.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- A translational perspective on neural circuits of fear extinction: Current promises and challenges.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2018Pooled it
- Neural signatures of human fear conditioning: an updated and extended meta-analysis of fMRI studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Cerebellar Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Theta Band Prevents Recall of the Initial Fear Association After Extinction Training.Human brain mapping · 2026Trial
- Cortisol administration after extinction in a fear-conditioning paradigm with traumatic film clips prevents return of fear.Translational psychiatry · 2019Trial
- Neural Underpinnings of Cortisol Effects on Fear Extinction.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2018Trial
- The Impact of Continuous and Partial Reinforcement on the Acquisition and Generalization of Human-Conditioned Fear.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The impact of extinction timing on pre-extinction arousal and subsequent return of fear.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Targeting Human Glucocorticoid Receptors in Fear Learning: A Multiscale Integrated Approach to Study Functional Connectivity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Impact of Stress and Exercise on Fear Extinction.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2023Article
- Characterizing cardiac autonomic dynamics of fear learning in humans.Psychophysiology · 2022Article
- Formation of False Context Fear Memory Is Regulated by Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Mice.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Fear Extinction Recall Modulates Human Frontomedial Theta and Amygdala Activity.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2019Article
- The immediate extinction deficit occurs in a nonemotional learning paradigm.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Drug-Induced Glucocorticoids and Memory for Substance Use.Trends in neurosciences · 2018Review
- Stress promotes generalization of older but not recent threat memories.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Neural correlates of appetitive extinction in humans.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2017Article
- Editorial: Extinction Learning from a Mechanistic and Systems Perspective.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2016Article
- Neuroimaging of Fear-Associated Learning.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Effects of Cortisol on Reconsolidation of Reactivated Fear Memories.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exposure therapy builds on the mechanism of fear extinction leading to decreased fear responses. How the stress hormone cortisol affects brain regions involved in fear extinction in humans is unknown. For this reason, we tested 32 men randomly assigned to receive either 30 mg hydrocortisone or placebo 45 min before fear extinction. In fear acquisition, a picture of a geometrical figure was either partially paired (conditioned stimulus; CS+) or not paired (CS-) with an electrical stimulation (unconditioned stimulus; UCS). In fear extinction, each CS was presented again, but no UCS occurred. Cortisol increased conditioned skin conductance responses in early and late extinction. In early extinction, higher activation towards the CS- than to the CS+ was found in the amygdala, hippocampus and posterior parahippocampal gyrus. This pattern might be associated with the establishment of a new memory trace. In late extinction, the placebo compared with the cortisol group displayed enhanced CS+/CS- differentiation in the amygdala, medial frontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. A change from early deactivation to late activation of the extinction circuit as seen in the placebo group seems to be needed to enhance extinction and to reduce fear. Cortisol appears to interfere with this process thereby impairing extinction of recently acquired conditioned fear.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.