Trial reportNicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco2014
Nicotine dependence and biochemical exposure measures in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Trial report in Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparison of nicotine exposure during pregnancy when smoking and abstinent with nicotine replacement therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2019Pooled it
- A Comparison of the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence and Cigarette Dependence Scale in a Treatment-Seeking Sample of Pregnant Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016Trial
- Factors associated with smoking cessation in early and late pregnancy in the smoking, nicotine, and pregnancy trial: a trial of nicotine replacement therapy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2014Trial
- Nicotine dependence as a risk factor for upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancers: A mediation analysis.PloS one · 2020Observational
- Prevalence and predictors of maternal smoking prior to and during pregnancy in a regional Danish population: a cross-sectional study.Reproductive health · 2019Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) is validated to measure nicotine dependence in nonpregnant smokers, and in these smokers, mean salivary and serum cotinine levels are related by a ratio of 1.25. However, as nicotine metabolism increases during gestation, these findings may differ in pregnancy. We investigated the validity of HSI in pregnancy by comparing this with 3 biochemical measures; in a search for a less-invasive cotinine measure in pregnancy, we also explored the relationship between mean blood and salivary cotinine levels.
methodsCross-sectional analyses using baseline data from the Smoking, Nicotine, and Pregnancy Trial. Participants were 16-46 years old, 12-24 weeks gestation, smoked more than 5 cigarettes per day, and had exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) readings of at least 8 ppm. Linear regression was used to examine correlations between HSI and blood cotinine and salivary cotinine and exhaled CO. Correlation between blood and salivary cotinine was investigated using linear regression through the origin.
resultsHSI scores were associated with blood cotinine (R² = 0.20, n = 662, p < .001), salivary cotinine (R² = 0.11, n = 967, p < .001), and exhaled CO (R² = 0.13, n = 1,050, p < .001). Salivary and blood cotinine levels, taken simultaneously, were highly correlated (R² = 0.91, n = 628, p < .001) and the saliva:blood level ratio was 1.01 (95% CI 0.99-1.04).
conclusionsCorrelations between HSI and biochemical measures in pregnancy were comparable with those obtained outside pregnancy, suggesting that HSI has similar validity in pregnant smokers. Salivary and blood cotinine levels are roughly equivalent in pregnant smokers.
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