ArticlemBio2013
Old Cryptococcus neoformans cells contribute to virulence in chronic cryptococcosis.
Article in mBio, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed.
- Advances in cryptococcal infections-associated immunopathology and potential therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Pathogenicity and virulence of Cryptococcus neoformans from an environmental perspective.Virulence · 2025Review
- Will the Real Immunogens Please Stand Up: Exploiting the Immunogenic Potential of Cryptococcal Cell Antigens in Fungal Vaccine Development.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Article
- Distinct effect of calorie restriction between congenic mating types of Cryptococcus neoformans.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Host-Pathogen Interactions and Correlated Factors That Are Affected in Replicative-AgedJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Preclinical Models for Cryptococcosis of the CNS and Their Characterization Using In Vivo Imaging Techniques.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antifungal Resistance in Cryptococcal Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- In Vitro Titan Cell Generation in Cryptococcus neoformans and Automated Cell Size Measurements.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Exposure ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Novel ABC Transporter Associated with Fluconazole Resistance in Aging ofJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Treatment strategies for cryptococcal infection: challenges, advances and future outlook.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2021Review
- Low Glucose Mediated Fluconazole Tolerance inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Replicative Aging in Pathogenic Fungi.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Solid-state NMR spectroscopy identifies three classes of lipids inThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2020Article
- An Overview of the Management of the Most Important Invasive Fungal Infections in Patients with Blood Malignancies.Infection and drug resistance · 2020Review
- A titanic drug resistance threat in Cryptococcus neoformans.Current opinion in microbiology · 2019Review
- Gene Duplication Associated with Increased Fluconazole Tolerance in Candida auris cells of Advanced Generational Age.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- High-Throughput Yeast Aging Analysis for Cryptococcus (HYAAC) microfluidic device streamlines aging studies inCommunications biology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledDoes cell age matter in virulence? The emergence of persister cells during chronic infections is critical for persistence of infection, but little is known how this occurs. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that the replicative age of the fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans contributes to persistence during chronic meningoencephalitis. Generationally older C. neoformans cells are more resistant to hydrogen peroxide stress, macrophage intracellular killing, and antifungal agents. Older cells accumulate in both experimental rat infection and in human cryptococcosis. Mathematical modeling supports the concept that the presence of older C. neoformans cells emerges from in vivo selection pressures. We propose that advanced replicative aging is a new unanticipated virulence trait that emerges during chronic fungal infection and facilitates persistence. Therapeutic interventions that target old cells could help in the clearance of chronic infections. IMPORTANCE: Our findings that the generational age of Cryptococcus neoformans cells matters in pathogenesis introduces a novel concept to eukaryotic pathogenesis research. We propose that emerging properties of aging C. neoformans cells and possibly also other fungal pathogens contribute to persistence and virulence. Whereas the replicative life span of strains may not matter for virulence per se, age-related resilience and thus the generational age of individual C. neoformans cells within a pathogen population could greatly affect persistence of the pathogen population and therefore impact outcome.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.