ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2013
Glycogen synthase kinase 3β inhibition as a therapeutic approach in the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- LiCl induces GSK-3β mediated autophagy, DNA damage, and cell cycle arrest in HPV driven cervical cancer cells.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Article
- Lithium Chloride-Induced Nuclear Envelope Remodeling in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Cytostatic and Non-Apoptotic Effects of Vinorelbine-Based Therapy in 3D Endometrial Cancer Spheroids.Biology · 2026Article
- NEK4 modulates circadian fluctuations of emotional behaviors and synaptogenesis in male mice.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Progranulin Facilitates Corneal Repair Through Dual Mechanisms of Inflammation Suppression and Regeneration Promotion.Inflammation · 2024Article
- The Hippo pathway in endometrial cancer: a potential therapeutic target?Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Quantum Tunneling-Induced Membrane Depolarization Can Explain the Cellular Effects Mediated by Lithium: Mathematical Modeling and Hypothesis.Membranes · 2021Article
- Review
- The Roles of GSK-3β in Regulation of Retinoid Signaling and Sorafenib Treatment Response in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Theranostics · 2020Article
- Effects of lithium on the secretory production of recombinant antibody from insect cells.In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Animal · 2019Article
- Tumor growth suppression using a combination of taxol-based therapy and GSK3 inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer.PloS one · 2019Article
- Pir2/Rnf144b is a potential endometrial cancer biomarker that promotes cell proliferation.Cell death & disease · 2018Article
- LiCl Treatment Induces Programmed Cell Death of Schwannoma Cells through AKT- and MTOR-Mediated Necroptosis.Neurochemical research · 2017Article
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is a pivotal mediator of cancer invasion and resistance to therapy.Cancer science · 2016Review
- Glycogen synthase kinase-3: a potential preventive target for prostate cancer management.Urologic oncology · 2015Review
- β-Catenin-Gli1 interaction regulates proliferation and tumor growth in medulloblastoma.Molecular cancer · 2015Article
- Lithium Chloride Promotes Apoptosis in Human Leukemia NB4 Cells by Inhibiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Beta.International journal of medical sciences · 2015Article
- Lithium in kidney diseases: big roles for the smallest metal.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Alternative strategies beyond current chemotherapy and radiation therapy regimens are needed in the treatment of advanced stage and recurrent endometrial cancers. There is considerable promise for biologic agents targeting the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway for treatment of these cancers. Many downstream substrates of the ERK signaling pathway, such as glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and their roles in endometrial carcinogenesis have not yet been investigated. In this study, we tested the importance of GSK3β inhibition in endometrial cancer cell lines and in vivo models. Inhibition of GSK3β by either lithium chloride (LiCl) or specific GSK3β inhibitor VIII showed cytostatic and cytotoxic effects on multiple endometrial cancer cell lines, with little effect on the immortalized normal endometrial cell line. Flow cytometry and immunofluorescence revealed a G2/M cell cycle arrest in both type I (AN3CA, KLE, and RL952) and type II (ARK1) endometrial cancer cell lines. In addition, LiCl pre-treatment sensitized AN3CA cells to the chemotherapy agent paclitaxel. Administration of LiCl to AN3CA tumor-bearing mice resulted in partial or complete regression of some tumors. Thus, GSK3β activity is associated with endometrial cancer tumorigenesis and its pharmacologic inhibition reduces cell proliferation and tumor growth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.