Trial reportBMC pediatrics2013
Environmental determinants of islet autoimmunity (ENDIA): a pregnancy to early life cohort study in children at-risk of type 1 diabetes.
Trial report in BMC pediatrics, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- ISPAD Clinical Practice Consensus Guidelines 2024: Screening, Staging, and Strategies to Preserve Beta-Cell Function in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes.Hormone research in paediatrics · 2024Guideline
- The virome in early life and childhood and development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Reviews in medical virology · 2021Pooled it
- Understanding parents' perspectives of repeated blinded continuous glucose monitoring in children with early-stage type 1 diabetes and an affected first-degree relative.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Article
- Delayed maturation of the milk microbiome in women with type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Resources to Support Families Navigating Early-Stage Type 1 Diabetes: Protocol for a Scoping Review.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Co-designing a new clinical pathway to support families with children identified as having early-stage type 1 diabetes in Western Australia.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Evolution of islet autoantibodies in the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) prospective cohort.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Perceived stress in mothers of children with and without islet and coeliac autoimmunity in the ENDIA study.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Indigenous infants in remote Australia retain an ancestral gut microbiome despite encroaching Westernization.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes are associated with multiple alterations in the vaginal microbiome.Diabetologia · 2025Article
- Article
- Respiratory infections in pregnancy and early life-association with the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.EClinicalMedicine · 2025Article
- The Current Landscape for Screening and Monitoring of Early-Stage Type 1 Diabetes.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2025Review
- Looking back at the TEDDY study: lessons and future directions.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- From Microbes to Metabolites: Advances in Gut Microbiome Research in Type 1 Diabetes.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Regular human insulins versus rapid-acting insulin analogues in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: a protocol for a systematic review with meta-analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis.Systematic reviews · 2025Article
- Dietary patterns during pregnancy and maternal and birth outcomes in women with type 1 diabetes: the Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) study.Diabetologia · 2024Article
- Early Dysglycemia Is Detectable Using Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Very Young Children at Risk of Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- A Review of Stage 0 Biomarkers in Type 1 Diabetes: The Holy Grail of Early Detection and Prevention?Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) longitudinal prospective pregnancy to childhood cohort study of Australian children at risk of type 1 diabetes: parental demographics and birth information.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe incidence of type 1 diabetes has increased worldwide, particularly in younger children and those with lower genetic susceptibility. These observations suggest factors in the modern environment promote pancreatic islet autoimmunity and destruction of insulin-producing beta cells. The Environmental Determinants of Islet Autoimmunity (ENDIA) Study is investigating candidate environmental exposures and gene-environment interactions that may contribute to the development of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes. METHODS/
designENDIA is the only prospective pregnancy/birth cohort study in the Southern Hemisphere investigating the determinants of type 1 diabetes in at-risk children. The study will recruit 1,400 unborn infants or infants less than six months of age with a first-degree relative (i.e. mother, father or sibling) with type 1 diabetes, across five Australian states. Pregnant mothers/infants will be followed prospectively from early pregnancy through childhood to investigate relationships between genotype, the development of islet autoimmunity (and subsequently type 1 diabetes), and prenatal and postnatal environmental factors. ENDIA will evaluate the microbiome, nutrition, bodyweight/composition, metabolome-lipidome, insulin resistance, innate and adaptive immune function and viral infections. A systems biology approach will be used to integrate these data. Investigation will be by 3-monthly assessments of the mother during pregnancy, then 3-monthly assessments of the child until 24 months of age and 6-monthly thereafter. The primary outcome measure is persistent islet autoimmunity, defined as the presence of autoantibodies to one or more islet autoantigens on consecutive tests. DISCUSSION: Defining gene-environment interactions that initiate and/or promote destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in early life will inform approaches to primary prevention of type 1 diabetes. The strength of ENDIA is the prospective, comprehensive and frequent systems-wide profiling from early pregnancy through to early childhood, to capture dynamic environmental exposures that may shape the development of islet autoimmunity.
trial registrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12613000794707.
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Registered trials
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