ArticlePloS one2013
Activation of GSK-3β and caspase-3 occurs in Nigral dopamine neurons during the development of apoptosis activated by a striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
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49 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Exploring the link between estimated glucose disposal rate and Parkinson's disease: cross-sectional and mortality analysis of NHANES 2003-2016.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2025Article
- Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibition in Parkinson's Disease: Molecular Insights and Therapeutic Potential.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Review
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- The Anti-Parkinson Potential of Gingko biloba-Supplement Mitigates Cortico-Cerebellar Degeneration and Neuropathobiological Alterations via Inflammatory and Apoptotic Mediators in Mice.Neurochemical research · 2022Article
- Non-Apoptotic Caspase-3 Activation Mediates Early Synaptic Dysfunction of Indirect Pathway Neurons in the Parkinsonian Striatum.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor transfection in dopamine neurons using neurotensin-polyplex nanoparticles reverses 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal neurodegeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- Inhibition of TRPM2 by AG490 Is Neuroprotective in a Parkinson's Disease Animal Model.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Anti-apoptotic effect of Buchholzia coriacea Engl. stem back extracts on AsPC-1 and mechanisms of action.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2021Article
- Loss of Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 4 Attenuates 6-Hydroxydopamine-Induced Impairments in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.Neurochemical research · 2020Article
- Unilateral intranigral administration of β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside triggers pathological α-synuclein spreading and bilateral nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the rat.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2020Article
- Intranigral Administration ofJournal of immunology research · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model of Parkinson's disease is essential for a better understanding of the pathological processes underlying the human disease and for the evaluation of promising therapeutic interventions. This work evaluated whether a single striatal injection of 6-OHDA causes progressive apoptosis of dopamine (DA) neurons and activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and caspase-3 in the substantia nigra compacta (SNc). The loss of DA neurons was shown by three neuron markers; tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), NeuN, and β-III tubulin. Apoptosis activation was determined using Apostain and immunostaining against cleaved caspase-3 and GSK-3β pY216. We also explored the possibility that cleaved caspase-3 is produced by microglia and astrocytes. Our results showed that the 6-OHDA caused loss of nigral TH(+) cells, progressing mainly in rostrocaudal and lateromedial directions. In the neostriatum, a severe loss of TH(+) terminals occurred from day 3 after lesion. The disappearance of TH(+) cells was associated with a decrease in NeuN and β-III tubulin immunoreactivity and an increase in Apostain, cleaved caspase-3, and GSK-3β pY216 in the SNc. Apostain immunoreactivity was observed from days 3 to 21 postlesion. Increased levels of caspase-3 immunoreactivity in TH(+) cells were detected from days 1 to 15, and the levels then decreased to day 30 postlesion. The cleaved caspase-3 also collocated with microglia and astrocytes indicating its participation in glial activation. Our results suggest that caspase-3 and GSK-3β pY216 activation might participate in the DA cell death and that the active caspase-3 might also participate in the neuroinflammation caused by the striatal 6-OHDA injection.
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