ArticlePloS one2013
Toxoplasma gondii sporozoites invade host cells using two novel paralogues of RON2 and AMA1.
Article in PloS one, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis of Toxoplasma gondii reveals stage-specific regulatory programs and metabolic adaptations driving oocyst sporulation.BMC genomics · 2026Article
- Functionality of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in a population of Beninese pregnant women exposed to malaria.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Differential expression of host invasion-associated genes by Sarcocystis calchasi in intermediate versus definitive hosts.PloS one · 2025Article
- Oral vaccination with a recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum expressing the Eimeria tenella rhoptry neck 2 protein elicits protective immunity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria tenella.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Structure guided mimicry of an essential P. falciparum receptor-ligand complex enhances cross neutralizing antibodies.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Article
- Structure guided mimicry of an essential P. falciparum receptor-ligand complex enhances cross neutralizing antibodies.Research square · 2023Article
- Invasion ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Functional Characterization of the Thrombospondin-Related Paralogous Proteins Rhoptry Discharge Factors 1 and 2 Unveils Phenotypic Plasticity inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- New Avenues to DesignFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Article
- Proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of early and late-chronic Toxoplasma gondii infection shows novel and stage specific transcripts.BMC genomics · 2019Article
- TheBiology open · 2019Article
- Article
- Rhoptry neck protein 2 expressed in Plasmodium sporozoites plays a crucial role during invasion of mosquito salivary glands.Cellular microbiology · 2019Article
- Strategies Developed byFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Time-Frequency Approach Applied to Finding Interaction Regions in Pathogenic Proteins.Bioinformatics and biology insights · 2019Article
- Expression and Localization Profiles of Rhoptry Proteins inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Article
- RON4Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Genomics of apicomplexan parasites.Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular parasite of the phylum Apicomplexa. The interaction of two well-studied proteins, Apical Membrane Antigen 1 (AMA1) and Rhoptry Neck protein 2 (RON2), has been shown to be critical for invasion by the asexual tachyzoite stage. Recently, two paralogues of these proteins, dubbed sporoAMA1 and sporoRON2 (or RON2L2), respectively, have been identified but not further characterized in proteomic and transcriptomic analyses of Toxoplasma sporozoites. Here, we show that sporoAMA1 and sporoRON2 localize to the apical region of sporozoites and that, in vitro, they interact specifically and exclusively, with no detectable interaction of sporoAMA1 with generic RON2 or sporoRON2 with generic AMA1. Structural studies of the interacting domains of sporoRON2 and sporoAMA1 indicate a novel pairing that is similar in overall form but distinct in detail from the previously described interaction of the generic pairing. Most notably, binding of sporoRON2 domain 3 to domains I/II of sporoAMA1 results in major alterations in the latter protein at the site of binding and allosterically in the membrane-proximal domain III of sporoAMA1 suggesting a possible role in signaling. Lastly, pretreatment of sporozoites with domain 3 of sporoRON2 substantially impedes their invasion into host cells while having no effect on tachyzoites, and vice versa for domain 3 of generic RON2 (which inhibits tachyzoite but not sporozoite invasion). These data indicate that sporozoites and tachyzoites each use a distinct pair of paralogous AMA1 and RON2 proteins for invasion into host cells, possibly due to the very different environment in which they each must function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.